Protective effects of lycopene in cancer, cardiovascular, and neurodegenerative diseases: An update on epidemiological and mechanistic perspectives

Saini, Ramesh Kumar; Rengasamy, Kannan R.R.; Mahomoodally, Fawzi M.; Keum, Young‐Soo

doi:10.1016/j.phrs.2020.104730

Cited by 107 publications

(56 citation statements)

References 86 publications

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“…Oxidative stress has been suggested to be a critical component of AMD pathogenesis. Many reports demonstrated that natural products are able to decrease the occurrence of several diseases induced by oxidative injury, including AMD [36,37]. Dietary supplements containing high dose of antioxidants and minerals (vitamins C and E, β-carotene, and zinc) delayed the progression of AMD intermediate to advanced stages [38].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Apigenin Protects Mouse Retina against Oxidative Damage by Regulating the Nrf2 Pathway and Autophagy

Zhang

Yang

et al. 2020

Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity

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Oxidative stress is a critical factor in the pathology of age-related macular degeneration (AMD). Apigenin (AP) is a flavonoid with an outstanding antioxidant activity. We had previously observed that AP protected APRE-19 cells against oxidative injury in vitro. However, AP has poor water and fat solubility, which determines its low oral bioavailability. In this study, we prepared the solid dispersion of apigenin (AP-SD). The solubility and dissolution of AP-SD was significantly better than that of the original drug, so the oral bioavailability in rats was better than that of the original drug. Then, the effects of AP-SD on the retina of a model mouse with dry AMD were assessed by fundus autofluorescence (FAF), optical coherence tomography (OCT), and electron microscopy; the results revealed that AP-SD alleviated retinopathy. Further research found that AP-SD promoted the nuclear translocation of Nrf2 and increased expression levels of the Nrf2 and target genes HO-1 and NQO-1. AP-SD enhanced the activities of SOD and GSH-Px and decreased the levels of ROS and MDA. Furthermore, AP-SD upregulated the expressions of p62 and LC3II in an Nrf2-dependent manner. However, these effects of AP-SD were observed only in the retina of Nrf2 WT mice, not in Nrf2 KO mice. In addition, the therapeutic effect of AP-SD was dose dependent, and AP did not work. In conclusion, AP-SD significantly enhanced the bioavailability of the original drug and reduced retinal oxidative injury in the model mouse of dry AMD in vivo. The results of the underlying mechanism showed that AP-SD upregulated the expression of antioxidant enzymes through the Nrf2 pathway and upregulated autophagy, thus inhibiting retinal oxidative damage. AP-SD may be a potential compound for the treatment of dry AMD.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Apigenin Protects Mouse Retina against Oxidative Damage by Regulating the Nrf2 Pathway and Autophagy

Zhang

Yang

et al. 2020

Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity

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“…Therefore, it seems that different lycopene doses and duration of supplementation can be suggested for various health purposes. Finally, according to different epidemiological studies, daily lycopene intake can be suggested to be 2 to 20 mg per day [10].…”

Section: Recommended Dosementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Interestingly, carotenoids have the highest concentration in the serum and tissues between different natural antioxidants. In addition, according to one study on a United States population, lycopene is the leading carotenoid in plasma and tissues [10]. Furthermore, second to astaxanthin (amongst different carotenoids), lycopene is the most potent antioxidant.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lycopene as a Natural Antioxidant Used to Prevent Human Health Disorders

et al. 2020

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Lycopene, belonging to the carotenoids, is a tetraterpene compound abundantly found in tomato and tomato-based products. It is fundamentally recognized as a potent antioxidant and a non-pro-vitamin A carotenoid. Lycopene has been found to be efficient in ameliorating cancer insurgences, diabetes mellitus, cardiac complications, oxidative stress-mediated malfunctions, inflammatory events, skin and bone diseases, hepatic, neural and reproductive disorders. This review summarizes information regarding its sources and uses amongst different societies, its biochemistry aspects, and the potential utilization of lycopene and possible mechanisms involved in alleviating the abovementioned disorders. Furthermore, future directions with the possible use of this nutraceutical against lifestyle-related disorders are emphasized. Its protective effects against recommended doses of toxic agents and toxicity and safety are also discussed.

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“…Similarly, in a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study on free-living healthy adults, 2–8 mg of astaxanthin/d supplementation for 8 weeks (plasma concentrations of 0.13 μM in 8 mg group after 4 weeks) enhanced immune response and decreased DNA damage biomarker (plasma 8-OHdG) and acute-phase protein (C-reactive protein) levels [ 27 ]. Potent antioxidant properties of carotenoids can protect against chronic diseases, including cancer, cardiovascular diseases, and neurodegenerative disorders [ 28 , 29 ].…”

Section: Carotenoids-triggered Ros Production In Cancer Cellsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pro-oxidant Actions of Carotenoids in Triggering Apoptosis of Cancer Cells: A Review of Emerging Evidence

et al. 2020

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Carotenoids are well known for their potent antioxidant function in the cellular system. However, in cancer cells with an innately high level of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS), carotenoids may act as potent pro-oxidant molecules and trigger ROS-mediated apoptosis. In recent years, the pro-oxidant function of several common dietary carotenoids, including astaxanthin, β-carotene, fucoxanthin, and lycopene, has been investigated for their effective killing effects on various cancer cell lines. Besides, when carotenoids are delivered with ROS-inducing cytotoxic drugs (e.g., anthracyclines), they can minimize the adverse effects of these drugs on normal cells by acting as antioxidants without interfering with their cytotoxic effects on cancer cells as pro-oxidants. These dynamic actions of carotenoids can optimize oxidative stress in normal cells while enhancing oxidative stress in cancer cells. This review discusses possible mechanisms of carotenoid-triggered ROS production in cancer cells, the activation of pro-apoptotic signaling by ROS, and apoptotic cell death. Moreover, synergistic actions of carotenoids with ROS-inducing anti-cancer drugs are discussed, and research gaps are suggested.

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Protective effects of lycopene in cancer, cardiovascular, and neurodegenerative diseases: An update on epidemiological and mechanistic perspectives

Cited by 107 publications

References 86 publications

Apigenin Protects Mouse Retina against Oxidative Damage by Regulating the Nrf2 Pathway and Autophagy

Apigenin Protects Mouse Retina against Oxidative Damage by Regulating the Nrf2 Pathway and Autophagy

Lycopene as a Natural Antioxidant Used to Prevent Human Health Disorders

Pro-oxidant Actions of Carotenoids in Triggering Apoptosis of Cancer Cells: A Review of Emerging Evidence

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