Protective Effects of Ischemic Preconditioning Protocols on Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury in Rat Liver

Remote Ischemic Preconditioning Attenuates Hepatic Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury after Hemorrhagic Shock by Increasing Autophagy

“…However, the current RIPC procedure is controversial, without a uniform standard for the length of time and number of cycles. It has been reported that the timing of RIPC procedures can affect efficacy [3,11,20]. Xie et al observed that RIPC with 5 min ischemia and 5 min relaxation for 3 cycles could effectively reduce troponin I levels after cardiac surgery [21].…”

Effects of preoperative low-intensity training with slow movement on early quadriceps weakness after total knee arthroplasty in patients with knee osteoarthritis: a retrospective propensity score-matched study

“…Thus, stronger resistance to tourniquet-induced oxidative stress and inflammatory response may be assumed to suppress knee swelling, knee pain, and quadriceps muscle loss, resulting in lower QW and walking disability immediately after TKA. IPC and EPC have been [17][18][19][20]. Hence, this study focused on a form of exercise called LST that confers both hypoxic and exercise stimulation to working skeletal muscle and subsequently investigated whether preoperative LST program would suppress knee and thigh swelling and knee pain, resulting in decreased QW and walking disability immediately after TKA.…”

“…These factors can be attributed to surgical trauma and tourniquet-induced ischemia-reperfusion (IR) injury [12][13][14], which generates vigorous oxidative stress and inflammatory responses characterized by the toxic reactive oxygen species formation, inflammatory cell recruitment, and endothelial barrier failure, resulting in impaired organ function [15]. Additionally, ischemic and exercise preconditioning (IPC and EPC) have shown to prevent IR injury and are well-known interventions for inhibiting IR injury-induced tissue damage in various organs, including skeletal muscle [16][17][18][19]. Therefore, tourniquetinduced early QW can be prevented by IPC and EPC.…”

Ischemic Preconditioning on Liver Ischemia Reperfusion Injury: How Far is the Bedside from the Bench?

“…To help answer these questions, Recently, Lin et al compared several preconditioning protocols of the IR cycle in rats to aid in identifying the optimal IPC protocol [12]. Three IPC conditions as follows: (1) ischemia for 5 min/reperfusion for 10 min; (2) ischemia for 5 min/reperfusion for 5 min, repeated three times; and (3) ischemia for 10 min/reperfusion for 10 min.…”