Protective Effects ofPlathymenia reticulataandConnarus favosusAqueous Extracts against Cadmium- and Mercury-Induced Toxicities

Abstract

The extracts of Plathymenia reticulata and Connarus favosus are widely used in the folk medicine. The potential protective effects of these extracts have been evaluated against cadmium in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, and against mercurial contamination in zebrafish Danio rerio. In yeast, both extracts efficiently protected the Δycf1 mutant strain exposed to cadmium chloride restoring the growth, the expression of stress-response genes and decreasing the level of oxidative stress. In zebrafish, the supplementation of methylmercury-contaminated diet with both plant extracts similarly protected fish through the suppression of the methylmercury-induced lipid peroxidation, decrease of acetylcholinesterase activity, and restoring the expression levels of stress-response genes. This study particularly demonstrates the protective potential of both aqueous extracts against methylmercury, and could represent an interesting alternative for the Amazonian fish-eating communities to cope with the impact of chronic exposure to contaminated diets.

Carica papaya and Mangifera indica modulate haematological, biochemical and histological alterations in atrazine-intoxicated fish, Clarias gariepinus (Burchell 1822)

“…Interestingly, the neuro-ameliorative potential of the extracts was demonstrated by the reversal of the atrazine-induced inhibition of AChE activity upon fortification of the fish diets with CPE and MIE. Neuroprotective potentials of plants' extracts against xenobiotic-induced suppression of AChE activity have also been observed in fish (Gombeau et al, 2019;Hamed & El-Sayed, 2018).…”

Mutagenic, Carcinogenic, and Teratogenic Effect of Heavy Metals

“…The use of Ayurvedic medicine for the same is also gaining popularity [ 76 ]. The extracts of Plathymenia reticulata, Connarus favosus are shown to reduce acetylcholinesterase activity and methylmercury-induced lipid peroxidation, thus reducing mercury poisoning in zebrafish [ 77 ]. A recent study evaluated the protective effect of zinc (Zn) and N-acetylcysteine (NAC) on mercury toxicity in lactating rats [ 78 ].…”

Evaluation of phytochemical composition, toxicity in Drosophila melanogaster and effects on antibiotics modulation of Plathymenia reticulata Benth extract

“…This species is common in the cerrado and is rich in phenolic compounds, such as tannins and flavonoids [ 13 ]. Studies point out extracts of Plathymenia reticulata associated with glycemic control and cholesterol [ 13 ], protection against mercury toxicity [ 14 ] and against local inflammations caused by the Jararaca (Bothrops atrox) poison [ 15 ]…”