Protective Effects of Ginkgo Biloba Dropping Pills Against Liver Ischemia/reperfusion Injury in Mice

Abstract

Background: Liver ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury is an inevitable pathological phenomenon in various clinical conditions, such as liver transplantation, resection surgery, or shock, which is the major cause of morbidity and mortality after operation. Ginkgo Biloba Dropping Pill (GBDP) is a unique Chinese Ginkgo Biloba leaf extract preparation that exhibits a variety of beneficial biological activities. The aim of this study is to investigate the protective effects of GBDP on the liver I/R injury both in vitro and in vivo. Methods: Hypoxia/reoxygenation (H/R) experiments were performed in AML-12 cells and primary hepatocytes, which were pretreated with GBDP (60 or 120 μg/mL) followed by incubation in a hypoxia chamber. Cell viability and cell apoptosis were detected by MTT assay and annexin V staining respectively. C57BL/6 mice were used to establish liver I/R injury model, and were pretreated with GBDP (100 or 200 mg/kg/day, i.g.) for two weeks. Liver damage was detected by plasma levels of alanine transaminase (ALT) and aspartate transaminase (AST). Liver necrosis and neutrophil infiltration were determined by H&E and myeloperoxidase immunohistochemistry staining. Finally, TUNEL staining and western blot analysis of apoptosis-related proteins were used to investigate the anti-apoptotic effect of GBDP. Results: In the in vitro study, GBDP pretreatment improved the cell viability of AML-12 cells in H/R injury model. Similarly, the same result was found in the primary hepatocytes isolated from C57BL/6 mice. Moreover, GBDP decreased the number of apoptotic cells induced by H/R. In the in vivo study, oral administration of GBDP ameliorated liver injury evidenced by a significant decline in the levels of ALT and AST. Furthermore, the result of H&E staining showed that GBDP reduced the size of necrosis area. In addition, the decreased infiltration of neutrophils indicated that GBDP may play an anti-inflammatory effect. More importantly, GBDP reduced TUNEL-positive cells and the expression of Bax and caspase-3 in liver indicating GBDP has anti-apoptotic effects.Conclusion: Our findings elucidated that GBDP has potential effects for protecting against liver I/R injury characterized by its anti-apoptotic, anti-necrotic, and anti-inflammatory properties, which would promisingly make a contribution to the exploration of therapeutic strategies in the liver I/R injury.

The Protective Effect of Traditional Chinese Medicine on Liver Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury

“…In Wang's study, it was shown that the Ginkgo biloba Dropping Pill (GBDP) can inhibit the expression of apoptosis-related protein markers in vitro. Consistent with the results of in vitro experiments, animal experiments confirmed that GBDP can downregulate the expression of proapoptotic proteins and reduce hepatocyte apoptosis caused by liver I/R injury [22].…”

Evaluation of RevX solution extract as a potential inhibitor of the main protease of SARS-CoV-2—In vitro study and molecular docking

“…In this study, we report the in vitro inhibition test of the RevX solution extract on SARS-CoV-2 M pro and the results of molecular docking of putative candidates. The results show that the solid fraction can strongly inhibit the hydrolytic activity of M pro , which indicates that the solid fraction might prevent the replication of SARS-CoV-2 by inhibiting the enzymatic activity of M pro ( Shaito et al, 2020 ; Wang et al, 2020 ). The molecular docking of MS identified components shows that the three sterol-like compounds are suitable for the putative active site pocket.…”

A single-cell transcriptomic atlas characterizes liver non-parenchymal cells in healthy and diseased mice

“…Model Construction of Liver IR Injury. An established mouse model of 70% warm hepatic IR injury was used (16). Briefly, the hepatic artery and portal vein were isolated and clipped with a microvascular clamp, occluding blood supply to the left and middle liver lobes.…”