Protective effects of echinocystic acid isolated from Gleditsia sinensis Lam. against acute myocardial ischemia

Wu, Jianming; Li, Jian; Zhu, Zhouyuan; Li, Jiang; Huang, Guangwen; Yao, Tsuneyoshi; Gao, Xi

doi:10.1016/j.fitote.2009.06.015

Cited by 24 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…In the modern medical theories, anti-obese and anti-thrombus activities are well known to be highly associated with the hypolipidemic effect. Moreover, the triterpenoid saponins from G. sinensis have been reported to have a cardioprotective effect against acute myocardial ischemia in rats (Wu et al, 2010). Taken together, the accumulated evidence imply that the cardiovascular protection of G. sinensis may be related to the potential blood-lipid lowering activity.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 93%

Aqueous extract of Gleditsia sinensis Lam. fruits improves serum and liver lipid profiles and attenuates atherosclerosis in rabbits fed a high-fat diet

Peng¹,

Du²,

Zhang³

et al. 2011

Journal of Ethnopharmacology

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 93%

Aqueous extract of Gleditsia sinensis Lam. fruits improves serum and liver lipid profiles and attenuates atherosclerosis in rabbits fed a high-fat diet

Peng¹,

Du²,

Zhang³

et al. 2011

Journal of Ethnopharmacology

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“…It is reported that OA significantly inhibited the diacylglycerol acyltransferase (DGAT) from rat liver microsomes, lowered plasma cholesterol by inhibiting intestinal acyl-CoA:cholesterol acyltransferase (ACAT) activity in high-fat-fed hamsters, and protected against isoproterenol-induced myocardial ischemia in rats via antihyperlipidemic, antioxidative, and antiarrhythmic properties as well as its membrane-stabilizing action [8–10]. In addition, EA isolated from G. sinensis fruits prevented rat acute myocardial ischemia induced by isoproterenol and vasopressin [11]. Collectively, pentacyclic triterpenes, such as OA and EA, show potential therapeutic effects for cardiovascular diseases associated with dyslipidemia.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Deciphering Molecular Mechanism Underlying Hypolipidemic Activity of Echinocystic Acid

Han

Peng

2014

Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine

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Our previous study showed that a triterpene mixture, consisting of echinocystic acid (EA) and oleanolic acid (OA) at a ratio of 4 : 1, dose-dependently ameliorated the hyperlipidemia and atherosclerosis in rabbits fed with high fat/high cholesterol diets. This study was aimed at exploring the mechanisms underlying antihyperlipidemic effect of EA. Molecular docking simulation of EA was performed using Molegro Virtual Docker (version: 4.3.0) to investigate the potential targets related to lipid metabolism. Based on the molecular docking information, isotope labeling method or spectrophotometry was applied to examine the effect of EA on the activity of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) reductase, acyl-CoA:cholesterol acyltransferase (ACAT), and diacylglycerol acyltransferase (DGAT) in rat liver microsomes. Our results revealed a strong affinity of EA towards ACAT and DGAT in molecular docking analysis, while low binding affinity existed between EA and HMG-CoA reductase as well as between EA and cholesteryl ester transfer protein. Consistent with the results of molecular docking, in vitro enzyme activity assays showed that EA inhibited ACAT and DGAT, with IC50 values of 103 and 139 μM, respectively, and exhibited no significant effect on HMG-CoA reductase activity. The present findings suggest that EA may exert hypolipidemic effect by inhibiting the activity of ACAT and DGAT.

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“…17,18) Moreover, EA has been shown to have several positive effects such as anti-inflammation, antiviral, anticancer, and cardioprotection. [19][20][21][22] These results suggest that EA can penetrate blood brain barrier and can do positive effects to the brain function. However, the effect of EA on neurite outgrowth and aged brain function has not been studied.…”

mentioning

confidence: 72%

“…20,28) Further, EA has been reported to produce anti-human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) an antifungal activities 29) and cardioprotective effects. 21) Recent studies reported that EA has neurological effects including antidepressive and anti-amnesic effects. 17,18) These studies suggest that EA may be beneficial various agerelated brain deficits.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Echinocystic Acid Facilitates Neurite Outgrowth in Neuroblastoma Neuro2a Cells and Enhances Spatial Memory in Aged Mice

Park

Kwon

Lee

et al. 2017

Biological & Pharmaceutical Bulletin

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Aging leads to functional changes in the brain and decreases ability of learning and memory. Neurite outgrowth is important in learning and memory, therefore regulation of neurite outgrowth might be a candidate for treating aged brain. Echinocystic acid (EA), a pentacyclic triterpene, has shown to exert various neurological effects. However, the effect of EA on neurite outgrowth has not been studied. In this study, we examined if EA is effective on neurite outgrowth and memory in aged mice. The effect of EA on neurite outgrowth was observed by examining neurite processes of Neuro2a cells treated with EA. Western blot analysis was conducted to examine possible mechanisms. Morris water maze test was used to examine the effect of EA on learning and memory in aged mice. Immunohistochemistry was conducted to observe the effect of EA on neurite outgrowth in the hippocampus. EA was shown to induce neurite outgrowth in a concentration dependent manner without affecting cell viability. Moreover, EA treatment increased phosphorylation of c-jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) and JNK inhibitor, SP600125, blocked the effect of EA on neurite outgrowth. These results demonstrated that EA treatment promotes neurite outgrowth through the JNK signaling pathway. In in vivo experiments, EA treatment increased neurite outgrowth in aged mouse hippocampus. Moreover, EA treatment enhanced spatial learning and memory in aged mice. These results suggest that EA can be developed as a new, naturally occurring drug to treat ageing-related neurological diseases.Key words echinocystic acid; neurite outgrowth; aging; spatial memory The ability to remember certain types of information declines with aging.

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Protective effects of echinocystic acid isolated from Gleditsia sinensis Lam. against acute myocardial ischemia

Cited by 24 publications

References 5 publications

Aqueous extract of Gleditsia sinensis Lam. fruits improves serum and liver lipid profiles and attenuates atherosclerosis in rabbits fed a high-fat diet

Aqueous extract of Gleditsia sinensis Lam. fruits improves serum and liver lipid profiles and attenuates atherosclerosis in rabbits fed a high-fat diet

Deciphering Molecular Mechanism Underlying Hypolipidemic Activity of Echinocystic Acid

Echinocystic Acid Facilitates Neurite Outgrowth in Neuroblastoma Neuro2a Cells and Enhances Spatial Memory in Aged Mice

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