Protective Effects of Chitosan-Bilirubin Nanoparticles Against Ethanol-Induced Gastric Ulcers

Abstract

Gastric ulcers (GU) are a disease of the gastrointestinal tract that can be caused by excessive alcohol consumption and heavy use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. GU manifests predominantly as pathological damage, such as extensive inflammatory erosion and superficial bleeding of the gastric mucosa. Oxidative stress damage and the inflammatory response are now considered important predisposing factors for GU, suggesting that antioxidant and anti-inflammatory drugs could be treatments for GU. Nanoparticle drug carriers offer many advantages over conventional drugs, such as improved drug efficiency, increased drug stability, and increased half-life. Methods: We designed chitosan-bilirubin conjugate (CS-BR) nanoparticles and assessed the anti-inflammatory and antioxidant abilities of CS-BR in gastric epithelial cells. Then, we evaluated the intragastric retention time and the anti-ulcer effects of CS-BR in vivo. Results:The in vitro data showed that CS-BR nanoparticles protect gastric epithelial cells against oxidative/inflammatory injury. The in vivo study demonstrated that CS-BR nanoparticles accumulate permanently in the stomach and exert powerful antioxidant and antiinflammatory effects against GU. Conclusion:This study applied bilirubin to the treatment of GU and confirmed that CS-BR nanoparticles are effective at alleviating acute GU in an experimental model. The findings provide innovative ideas for prophylaxis against or treatment of GU.

Green Synthesis of Gold Nanoparticles Using Zingiber Officinale Rhizomes Aqueous Extract and its Gastroprotective Activity Against Ethanol-Produced Stomach Ulcer in Rodents

“…[45] Pre-feeding rats with the gold nanoparticle, expressively increased the stomach mucus structure weakened acidity of gastric contented. [5,43] Gastric mucosal protection, reduction of hemorrhagic mucosal area, decrease or nonappearance of edema, and provocative responses of sub-mucosal coating rats nourished gold nanoparticle compared to ulcerated control collection long-established by the valuation of the gastric histology. [8,46,47] Periodic acid-Schiff (PAS) staining results displayed increased mucus creation in gastric of rodents pre-nourished gold nanoparticle indorses gastro-protective achievement of gold nanoparticle intensity since of defense of mucus release.…”

“…ns P > 0.05 denotes to non-significant differences decrease in ethanol contrary augmented through gold nanoparticle feeding likewise formed increased glycoprotein content. [5,49] Superoxide radical anion is formed through polymorph nuclear neutrophils subsequent in reply by cellular lipids formation lipid peroxides. Supplementary actual indicators oxidative compression motives mucosal injury could be MDA principal metabolite of fat peroxidation.…”

“…[3] In specific, a huge quantity of therapeutic plants established anti-ulcer possessions, [4] with fairly a smaller amount cost and an extensive variety of protection boundaries. [5] Zingiberaceae plant family furthermost plentiful in Southeast Asia, extensively utilized outdated remedies. [6] Zingiber officinale is one of the Zingiberaceae species, categorized by its important financial consequence; meanwhile, it is used as a flavor and as a traditional medication.…”

Red Blood Cell Membrane-Camouflaged PLGA Nanoparticles Loaded With Basic Fibroblast Growth Factor for Attenuating Sepsis-Induced Cardiac Injury

“…The tissues were collected, cut into appropriate blocks, and fixed in 4% paraformaldehyde solution for 24 h. Samples were dehydrated, embedded, and sectioned into slices, following the established procedure ( Huang Z. et al, 2021 ). For immunohistochemistry (IHC) and immunofluorescence (IF) analysis, the sliced samples were deparaffinized, incubated with 3% H 2 O 2 for 10 min to block endogenous peroxidase, and heated in citrate antigen retrieval solution for antigen retrieval.…”

Applications of Chitosan in Surgical and Post-Surgical Materials

“…Gastric ulcer can be described as a pathological condition that occurs when the gastric epithelium is damaged by excessive inflammatory erosion, usually leading to epigastric pain and gastric mucosa bleeding. Different factors can increase the risk of gastric ulcers, such as the excessive consumption of alcohol or non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, as well as bacterial infections such as Helicobacter pylori [153,154].…”