Protective effects of 3, 4‐dihydroxybenzoic acid on myocardial infarction induced by isoproterenol in rats

Abstract

Despite considerable advances in interventions and treatment, there is a high mortality rate in patients with myocardial infarction (MI). This is the first study to investigate the protective effects of 3, 4‐dihydroxybenzoic acid against isoproterenol induced MI in rats. MI was induced by isoproterenol (100‐mg/kg body weight) in rats. Then, rats were treated with 3, 4‐dihydroxybenzoic acid (16‐mg/kg body weight) for 2 weeks. Serum creatine kinase‐MB, cardiac troponin‐T, cardiac troponin‐I, and heart thiobarbituric acid reactive substances were significantly (p < 0.05) increased and heart superoxide dismutase and catalase activities were significantly (p < 0.05) reduced in isoproterenol‐induced myocardial infarcted rats. Isoproterenol induction significantly (p < 0.05) elevated the plasma homocysteine and serum high sensitivity‐C‐reactive protein levels. Furthermore, an enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay, reverse transcription polymerase chain study, and immunohistochemical (IHC) staining revealed significantly (p < 0.05) elevated levels and expression of serum/myocardial nuclear factor‐κB, tumor necrosis factor‐alpha, interleukin‐1 beta, and Interleukin‐6 and significantly (p < 0.05) reduced levels/expression of serum/myocardial interleukin‐10 in myocardial infarcted rats. Nevertheless, isoproterenol‐induced rats treated with 3, 4‐dihydroxybenzoic acid considerably (p < 0.05) attenuated all the biochemical, molecular, and IHC parameters investigated and inhibited oxidative stress and inflammation and protected the heart, through its antioxidant and anti‐inflammatory mechanisms.