Protective Effects and Mechanisms of Flavonoids in Renal Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury

Abstract

<b><i>Background:</i></b> Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a common and potentially fatal complication encountered during a variety of kidney surgeries. Renal ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury is the predominant mechanism of AKI in this setting. Hence, controlling I/R injury is a key research imperative as it is directly related to the prognosis of patients. <b><i>Summary:</i></b> In the last decade, studies in vitro and in animal models have demonstrated that flavonoids can significantly alleviate I/R-induced AKI through a variety of pathways, including anti-oxidative stress, anti-inflammation, anti-cell death, inhibition of endoplasmic reticulum stress, and alleviation of mitochondrial dysfunction. Based on the extensive role of flavonoids in ischemia-reperfusion injury, the lack of drugs entering the clinic so far is a question worthy of consideration. <b><i>Key Messages:</i></b> This review summarizes the available evidence pertaining to the protective effect of flavonoids against renal I/R injury and discusses their potential clinical application in renal I/R injury.

Impact of folic acid supplementation on ischemia‒reperfusion-induced kidney injury in rats: folic acid prophylactic role revisited

“…The role of oxidative stress in the induction of organ damage following ischemia‒reperfusion has been thoroughly described in the literature [ 25 ]. However, the full molecular mechanisms underlying oxidative stress damage still need to be explored.…”

Natural products applied in acute kidney injury treatment: polymer matters

“…96 Recently, multiple carriers have been designed for the efficient delivery of flavonoids for AKI therapy. 97 Liu et al used silk fibroin peptide nanofibers for the delivery of baicalein (Fig. 6).…”

Recent Progress in Molecular Probes for Imaging of Acute Kidney Injury

“…Recently, there has been a significant increase in research depth on the use of natural products such as flavonoids, 72 saponins, 73 and polyphenols 74 for the treatment of IRI. There are many difficulties and challenges in the process of natural product development.…”