Protective effect of TSLP and IL-33 cytokines in ulcerative colitis

Abstract

PurposeInflammatory bowel disease (IBD) primarily includes ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn’s disease (CD). Thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP) is a cytokine produced by intestinal epithelial cells (IECs) with immunomodulatory properties that plays an important role in the development of regulatory T cell (Treg) responses and tolerance in the gut. On the other hand, IL-33 has been considered as a cytokine with two different properties, inflammatory and anti-inflammatory functions, the latter may play a protective role against chronic intestinal inflammation. In the present study, we investigated the relative gene expression levels of TSLP and IL-33 molecules in ulcerative colitis.MethodsPatients with clinical symptoms of colitis undergoing a routine diagnostic colonoscopy were included in this study. Biopsy specimens were collected and divided into two parts. One part was fixed and processed for routine histopathological examinations and the other part was stored for RNA extraction. TSLP and IL-33 gene expression were determined using the SYBR Green qRT-PCR.ResultsThe expression level of TSLP and IL-33 were significantly lower in UC patients compared with the control group. Moreover, the expressions of these cytokines were more down-regulated in severe UC patients compared with mild and moderate ones and the control group. We also showed a positive correlation between low expression of TSLP and IL-33 and the severity of UC disease.ConclusionsIn this study, we showed decreased mRNA expression levels of TSLP and IL-33 in UC patients and also a negative correlation between expression of TSLP and IL-33 and severity of UC disease.

Evaluation of an O2-Substituted (1–3)-β-D-Glucan, Produced by Pediococcus parvulus 2.6, in ex vivo Models of Crohn’s Disease

“…Our results suggest that EPS L and laminarin exhibit normal values of gene expression, leading to a balanced TSLP function, while EPS P slightly decreases its expression, and probably has no effect on TSLP turn over. EPS P fold change reached 0.74, which means that the decrease of relative expression is not so dramatic as expected in CD patients with active inflammatory reactions (Tahaghoghi-Hajghorbani et al, 2019).…”

“…In IBD patients, low levels of TSLP are associated with a permeability increase of the gut barrier, or Th2 cell differentiation, depending on the cell type that is expressing it (epithelial cells or DC cells; Biancheri et al, 2016;Park et al, 2017). Recently, it has been proposed that TSLP also participate in Treg cell development and gut homeostasis perpetuation (Tahaghoghi-Hajghorbani et al, 2019). Our results suggest that EPS L and laminarin exhibit normal values of gene expression, leading to a balanced TSLP function, while EPS P slightly decreases its expression, and probably has no effect on TSLP turn over.…”

Affinity improvement of the fully human anti‑TSLP recombinant antibody

“…a number of previous studies have demonstrated an important role for TSlP in different diseases (17,18). Blocking the binding of TSlP to TSlPr may inhibit TSlP signalling, which may provide a therapeutic strategy to treat various diseases (19).…”

Type 2 immunity in intestinal homeostasis and inflammatory bowel disease

“…Furthermore, they showed that IL-4 and TNF-α may exacerbate TSLP expression, leading to enhanced inflammation [ 88 ]. However, others showed that TSLP was reduced in UC patients compared with healthy or non-inflamed tissues [ 89 , 90 ]. Patients receiving anti-IL-13 (tralokinumab) also showed more TSLP transcriptional expression with improved tissue healing compared before treatment [ 89 ].…”