Protective effect of the omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids: Eicosapentaenoic acid/Docosahexaenoic acid 1:1 ratio on cardiovascular disease risk markers in rats

Abstract

BackgroundHigh consumption of fish carries a lower risk of cardiovascular disease as a consequence of dietary omega-3 long chain polyunsaturated fatty acid (n-3 PUFA; especially EPA and DHA) content. A controversy exists about the component/s responsible of these beneficial effects and, in consequence, which is the best proportion between both fatty acids. We sought to determine, in healthy Wistar rats, the proportions of EPA and DHA that would induce beneficial effects on biomarkers of oxidative stress, and cardiovascular disease risk.MethodsFemale Wistar rats were fed for 13 weeks with 5 different dietary supplements of oils; 3 derived from fish (EPA/DHA ratios of 1:1, 2:1, 1:2) plus soybean and linseed as controls. The activities of major antioxidant enzymes (SOD, CAT, GPX, and GR) were determined in erythrocytes and liver, and the ORAC test was used to determine the antioxidant capacity in plasma. Also measured were: C reactive protein (CRP), endothelial dysfunction (sVCAM and sICAM), prothrombotic activity (PAI-1), lipid profile (triglycerides, cholesterol, HDLc, LDLc, Apo-A1, and Apo-B100), glycated haemoglobin and lipid peroxidation (LDL-ox and MDA values).ResultsAfter three months of nutritional intervention, we observed statistically significant differences in the ApoB100/ApoA1 ratio, glycated haemoglobin, VCAM-1, SOD and GPx in erythrocytes, ORAC values and LDL-ox. Supplementation with fish oil derived omega-3 PUFA increased VCAM-1, LDL-ox and plasma antioxidant capacity (ORAC). Conversely, the ApoB100/ApoA1 ratio and percentage glycated haemoglobin decreased.ConclusionsOur results showed that a diet of a 1:1 ratio of EPA/DHA improved many of the oxidative stress parameters (SOD and GPx in erythrocytes), plasma antioxidant capacity (ORAC) and cardiovascular risk factors (glycated haemoglobin) relative to the other diets.

Elevation of oxidative stress markers in Type 1 diabetic children

“…Indeed several studies have considered that improvement in SOD activity may explain the higher plasma ORAC in diabetic patients. Our results corroborate this hypothesis (Ginty and Conklin, 2012;Lluís et al, 2013).…”

Short-term Menhaden Oil Rich Diet Changes Renal Lipid Profile in Acute Kidney Injury

“…In kidney of CD rats, its value decrease from day 0 to 7 25,26 . Higher values of antioxidant enzymes were found in Wistar rats fed fish oil diets 27 . The oral administration of ω3 supplement may reduce oxidative stress, histological damage and kidney dysfunction after renal reperfusion injury in Sprague Dawley rats 28 .…”

Healthy effect of different proportions of marine ω-3 PUFAs EPA and DHA supplementation in Wistar rats: Lipidomic biomarkers of oxidative stress and inflammation

“…Data obtained were correlated with previous parameters determined in the same animals and summarized in Tab. 2 [20,29]. In detail, different CVD related parameters were measured: TFA, TG, TC, HDL, LDL, HbA1c.…”