Protective Effect of Silymarin against Rapamycin-induced Apoptosis and Proliferation Inhibition in Endothelial Progenitor Cells

Abstract

For this study, peripheral blood samples were collected from human volunteers. Mononuclear cells (MNC) were separated by density centrifugation and were induced to differentiate into endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) in vitro. Different concentrations of rapamycin and silymarin were introduced to the EPCs over 24 hours and then EPCs were analyzed for proliferation, migration, apoptosis and angiogenesis. Compared with the control group, rapamycin (1, 10, 100 ng/mL) inhibited the proliferation and migration of EPCs in a concentration dependent manner (P<0.05). Silymarin (50, 100 µg/mL) enhanced the proliferation and migration of EPCs and inhibited apoptosis in a concentration dependent manner (P<0.05). By adding rapamycin (1 ng/mL) and silymarin (25, 50, 100 µg/mL) over 24 hours, silymarin inhibited the pro-apoptotic effect of rapamycin on EPCs, and reversed the inhibition of proliferation, migration and angiogenesis of EPCs by rapamycin (P<0.05).

Enhanced Activation of mTOR Signaling Pathway Was Found in the Hypertrophic and Nodular Lesions of Port Wine Stains

“… 21 Another study showed that rapamycin can induce cell apoptosis and inhibit proliferation of endothelial progenitor cells. 22 A higher potency in terms of anti-angiogenesis was shown in rapamycin. 23 Our results further provide a theoretical basis for treating PWS by using rapamycin or other mTOR inhibitors.…”

ADME/Tox Properties and Biochemical Interactions of Silybin Congeners: In silico Study

“…Silybum marianum (L.) Gaertn. (milk thistle) is an ancient medicinal plant that has been used for almost 2000 years for treatment of liver and gallbladder disorders of different etiologies [1,2]. The active component of this herb, silymarin, is a mixture of phenolic compounds, mainly silybin A, silybin B, but also other flavonolignans such as isosilybin A, isosilybin B, silychristin and silydianin, which are located predominantly in the fruit and seeds.…”

Silymarin versus Silibinin: Differential Antioxidant and Neuroprotective Effects against H2O2-induced Oxidative Stress in PC12 Cells

“…Thus, many natural antioxidants have been considered as potential molecules to prevent and treat these diseases [8][9][10][21][22][23]. In view of a good safety profile and antioxidant potential, the protective effects of silymarin and silibinin for many types of cells have been investigated [24,25] In addition, it was found that silymarin possessed a relatively stronger neuroprotective effect than silibinin overall. This may arise from the following aspects.…”