Protective Effect of Salicornia europaea Extracts on High Salt Intake-Induced Vascular Dysfunction and Hypertension

Abstract

High salt intake causes and aggravates arterial hypertension and vascular dysfunction. We investigated the effect of Salicornia europaea extracts (SE) on vascular function and blood pressure. SE constituents were analyzed using high performance liquid chromatography, and SE’s effect on vascular function was evaluated in isolated porcine coronary arteries. SE’s vascular protective effect was also evaluated in vivo using normotensive and spontaneous hypertensive rats (SHRs). SE mainly contained sodium chloride (55.6%), 5-(hydroxymethyl)furfural, p-coumaric acid, and trans-ferulic acid. High sodium (160 mmol/L) induced vascular dysfunction; however, SE containing the same quantity of sodium did not cause vascular dysfunction. Among the compounds in SE, trans-ferulic acid accounts for the vascular protective effect. Normotensive rats fed a high-salt diet showed significantly increased systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), and mean arterial pressure (MAP), which decreased significantly in the SE-treated groups. In SHRs, high edible salt intake significantly increased SBP, DBP, and MAP, but SE intake was associated with a significantly lower MAP. Thus, SE did not induce vascular dysfunction, and trans-ferulic acid might be at least partly responsible for the vasoprotective effect of SE. Taken together, SE could be used as an alternative to purified salt to prevent and ameliorate hypertension.

Anticancer Activity ofPunica granatum(Pomegranate): A Review

“…Phytomedicine may be a promising option to fight against various forms of cancer (Chrubasik Hausmann et al, 2014;Chen et al, 2016;Arumuggam et al, 2015;Lesgards et al, 2014;Chen et al, 2014). Indigenous medicinal practices by herbal plants against various diseases are ongoing for centuries all around the globe (Pan et al, 2014;Jun et al, 2016;Panth et al, 2016b;Paudel and Panth, 2015;Paudel et al, 2016). Researchers are now focused on providing the scientific evidences on health benefits by these herbal plants and revealing their mechanism of action (Karki et al, 2013;Smith et al, 2015).…”

Desalted Salicornia europaea powder and its active constituent, trans-ferulic acid, exert anti-obesity effects by suppressing adipogenic-related factors

“… 2015 ; Panth et al. 2016 ). It is also known as Salicornia herbacae , and its local name in Korea is hamcho.…”

“…It mainly grows in high-salt coastal marshes (Panth et al. 2016 ). It has recently emerged as commercial edible halophyte in the agriculture sector and can be cultivated by using sea water irrigation without any fertilizers or pesticides (Fita et al.…”

“…NSP and an amount of NaCl equal to that in NSP were co-administered in separate groups with a diet-induced obesity model (Pichiah and Cha 2015 ) and high salt-induced hypertension model (Panth et al. 2016 ). NSP could be used as a salt substitute to prevent weight gain (Pichiah and Cha 2015 ), vascular dysfunction and hypertension (Panth et al.…”

Reactive oxygen species : A key hallmark of cardiovascullar disease

“…In a simple term, the common risk factors for CVDs like diabetes mellitus, smoking, aging, hypercholesterolemia and nitrate intolerance can further increase the possibility of the generation of ROS. Furthermore, these risk factors can trigger several pathways such as apoptosis of endothelial cells (EC), expression of adhesion molecules, activation of metalloproteinases, induction of proliferation and migration of smooth muscle cells, lipid peroxidation and change in vasomotor functions, collectively leading to CVDs 33,49 . ROS are chemically reactive molecules containing oxygen.…”