Protective Effect of Proanthocyanidins from Sea Buckthorn (Hippophae Rhamnoides L.) Seed against Visible Light-Induced Retinal Degeneration in Vivo

Abstract

Dietary proanthocyanidins (PACs) as health-protective agents have become an important area of human nutrition research because of their potent bioactivities. We investigated the retinoprotective effects of PACs from sea buckthorn (Hippophae rhamnoides L.) seed against visible light-induced retinal degeneration in vivo. Pigmented rabbits were orally administered sea buckthorn seed PACs (50 and 100 mg/kg/day) for 14 consecutive days of pre-illumination and seven consecutive days of post-illumination. Retinal function was quantified via electroretinography 7 days after light exposure. Retinal damage was evaluated by measuring the thickness of the full-thickness retina and outer nuclear layer 7 days after light exposure. Sea buckthorn seed PACs significantly attenuated the destruction of electroretinograms and maintained the retinal structure. Increased retinal photooxidative damage was expressed by the depletion of glutathione peroxidase and catalase activities, the decrease of total antioxidant capacity level and the increase of malondialdehyde level. Light exposure induced a significant increase of inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, TNF-α and IL-6) and angiogenesis (VEGF) levels in retina. Light exposure upregulated the expression of pro-apoptotic proteins Bax and caspase-3 and downregulated the expression of anti-apoptotic protein Bcl-2. However, sea buckthorn seed PACs ameliorated these changes induced by light exposure. Sea buckthorn seed PACs mediated the protective effect against light-induced retinal degeneration via antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and antiapoptotic mechanisms.

Hippophae rhamnoides as novel phytogenic feed additive for broiler chickens at high altitude cold desert

“… 45 revealed a marvellous depletion in MDA concentration and higher antioxidant defense level in animals with the supplementation of H. rhamnoides extract. H. rhamnoides extract provides protection from oxidative stress due to its higher antioxidative activity with its ability to scavenge free radicals 46 and its ability to reduce the activation of caspase-3, downregulating the expression of pro-apoptotic genes Bax, and upregulating the expression of anti-apoptotic genes Bcl-2 47 . Better growth performance in broilers in this study could also be connected with potent antioxidative properties of the H. rhamnoides extracts.…”

Sea Buckthorn (Hippophaë rhamnoides L.) Oil Improves Atopic Dermatitis-Like Skin Lesions via Inhibition of NF-κB and STAT1 Activation

“…Berries of SBT have been used in the Chinese, Mongolian, and Tibetan traditional medicine for the treatment of various diseases for more than 1,000 years [13]. Many researchers have paid much attention to SBT for its various medicinal values, such as anti-inflammatory and immunoregulatory effects [14,15,16]. All parts of SBT are rich sources of bioactive agents [9].…”

Protective Effect of Highly Polymeric A-Type Proanthocyanidins from Seed Shells of Japanese Horse Chestnut (Aesculus turbinata BLUME) against Light-Induced Oxidative Damage in Rat Retina

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