Protective Effect of Ocotillol, the Derivate of Ocotillol-Type Saponins in Panax Genus, against Acetic Acid-Induced Gastric Ulcer in Rats Based on Untargeted Metabolomics

Abstract

Gastric ulcer (GU), a prevalent digestive disease, has a high incidence and is seriously harmful to human health. Finding a natural drug with a gastroprotective effect is needed. Ocotillol, the derivate of ocotillol-type saponins in the Panax genus, possesses good anti-inflammatory activity. The study aimed to investigate the gastroprotective effect of ocotillol on acetic acid-induced GU rats. The serum levels of endothelin-1 (ET-1) and nitric oxide (NO), the gastric mucosa levels of epidermal growth factor, superoxide dismutase and NO were assessed. Hematoxylin and eosin staining of gastric mucosa for pathological changes and immunohistochemical staining of ET-1, epidermal growth factor receptors and inducible nitric oxide synthase were evaluated. A UPLC-QTOF-MS-based serum metabolomics approach was applied to explore the latent mechanism. A total of 21 potential metabolites involved in 7 metabolic pathways were identified. The study helps us to understand the pathogenesis of GU and to provide a potential natural anti-ulcer agent.

Study on the Protective Effect and the Metabolomics Features of Rutaecarpine on Ethanol-induced Acute Gastric Ulcer

“…It can be hydrolyzed, generated and released into multifarious active substances. 5,6-EET is one of them and has interesting bene cial effects such as such as vasodilation, anti-in ammation, anti-platelet aggregation and maintaining tissue homeostasis [42,43] . In this study, the three in ammation-associated metabolites above were found abnormally changed compared with control group, indicating that sustained in ammatory response is the key to the progress of GU.…”

Airway Microbiome and Serum Metabolomics Analysis Identify Differential Candidate Biomarkers in Allergic Rhinitis

“…The optimized MS parameters were shown as follows based on our previous study ( 27 , 28 ): cone voltage (40 V), capillary voltage at 2.6 kV (ESI+ mode) and 2.2 kV (ESI- mode), cone gas flow rate (50 L/h under the 120°C source temperature condition) and desolvation gas flow (800 L/h at 300°C desolvation temperature). In the MSE mode of mass spectrometry, low energy and high energy were set as 6 V and 20–40 V, respectively.…”

Protective Effect of Ethyl Rosmarinate against Ulcerative Colitis in Mice Based on Untargeted Metabolomics

“…Variables with FC > 2 or <0.5, VIP > 1, p < 0.05 were identified as potential biomarkers [39]. The permutation test was carried out to prove the validity of the models in order to promise credible classification results [7]. In addition, the ROC curve was used to validate the markers, in which the AUC should be greater than 0.8 [7].…”

“…The permutation test was carried out to prove the validity of the models in order to promise credible classification results [7]. In addition, the ROC curve was used to validate the markers, in which the AUC should be greater than 0.8 [7]. The above results were determined using Simca 14.1 software (Umetrics, Malmo, Sweden) and Origin 2018 software (OriginLab, Northampton, MA, USA).…”

“…It is necessary to develop novel anti-UC drugs. Natural medicine, with unique efficacy, multiple targets, toleration, biocompatibility, low toxicity and a realistic price advantage is receiving more and more attention [7].…”