Protective Effect of Korean Red Ginseng Extract on the Infections by H1N1 and H3N2 Influenza Viruses in Mice

Yoo, Dae-Goon; Kim, Min‐Chul; Park, Min-Kyung; Song, June O.; Quan, Fu‐Shi; Park, Kyoung Mi; Cho, Young-Keol; Kang, Sang-Moo

doi:10.1089/jmf.2012.0017

Cited by 53 publications

(47 citation statements)

References 43 publications

(55 reference statements)

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“…[21][22][23] A recent clinical study confirmed its protective effect on acute respiratory tract infections, 24) and oral administration of RG extract prior to influenza A virus infection was shown to increase survival in a mouse model. 25) Not only dietary RG extract but also components of the extract such as polysaccharides and saponin have been reported to increase protection against influenza A virus infection. 26) Moreover, dietary wRG along with xylitol appeared to have a greater protective effect against influenza virus infection than either component alone.…”

Section: Evaluation Of In Vitro Activity Of Xylitol Against Hrsvmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ameliorating Effect of Dietary Xylitol on Human Respiratory Syncytial Virus (hRSV) Infection

Kim

et al. 2016

Biological & Pharmaceutical Bulletin

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Human respiratory syncytial virus (hRSV) is the most common cause of bronchiolitis and pneumonia in infants. The lack of proper prophylactics and therapeutics for controlling hRSV infection has been of great concern worldwide. Xylitol is a well-known sugar substitute and its effect against bacteria in the oral cavity is well known. However, little is known of its effect on viral infections. In this study, the effect of dietary xylitol on hRSV infection was investigated in a mouse model for the first time. Mice received xylitol for 14 d prior to virus challenge and for a further 3 d post challenge. Significantly larger reductions in lung virus titers were observed in the mice receiving xylitol than in the controls receiving phosphate-buffered saline (PBS). In addition, fewer CD3 and CD3 CD8 lymphocytes, whose numbers reflect inflammatory status, were recruited in the mice receiving xylitol. These results indicate that dietary xylitol can ameliorate hRSV infections and reduce inflammation-associated immune responses to hRSV infection.

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Section: Evaluation Of In Vitro Activity Of Xylitol Against Hrsvmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ameliorating Effect of Dietary Xylitol on Human Respiratory Syncytial Virus (hRSV) Infection

Kim

et al. 2016

Biological & Pharmaceutical Bulletin

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“…Among the leading global infections, influenza is a major cause of morbidity and mortality, periodically causing recurrent epidemics or global pandemics that can result in approximately 20% of the world's population becoming ill. 1,2 Influenza viruses (IFVs) are negative-stranded RNA viruses, belonging to the family Orthomyxoviridae. They are classified into different serotypes based on the antigenicity of their hemagglutinin (16 subtypes, H1-H16) and neuraminidase (nine subtypes, N1-N9) molecules, but H1, H2 and H3, and N1 and N2 are commonly represented in humans.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[5][6][7] Either antigenic mutation or reassortment can result in novel pathogenic IFV strains with the capacity to cause new epidemics or worldwide pandemics. 1 Many influenza variants have evolved and have the potential…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, IFV vaccination would have little efficacy in the early stages of an epidemic, especially one generated by genetic shift with a new virus subtype. 1,8 The two classes of antiviral agents widely used against influenza at present are the M2 channel blockers (adamantane derivatives) and neuraminidase inhibitors (oseltamivir and zanamivir), but their long-term effectiveness against IFV is debatable and limited by increasing emergence of drug resistance and side effects. 1,9,10 Given the limited ability of currently available treatments to deal with an influenza pandemic, there is an ongoing requirement for new approaches to reduce virus progression and transmission, especially for the development of anti-IFV agents offering broad spectrum protection.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It was reported that daily use of ginseng could significantly increase vaccination efficiency and reduce cases of influenza symptoms. 1 Further studies should explore whether a combination of AgNPs and vaccination could improve the live efficacy against influenza infection. The molecular mechanism underlying the antiviral activity of AgNPs remains unknown.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Inhibition of A/Human/Hubei/3/2005 (H3N2) influenza virus infection by silver nanoparticles in vitro and in vivo

Xiang¹,

Zheng²,

Duan³

et al. 2013

IJN

170

113

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Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) have attracted much attention as antimicrobial agents and have demonstrated efficient inhibitory activity against various viruses, including human immunodeficiency virus, hepatitis B virus, and Tacaribe virus. In this study, we investigated if AgNPs could have antiviral and preventive effects in A/Human/Hubei/3/2005 (H3N2) influenza virus infection. Madin-Darby canine kidney cells infected with AgNP-treated H3N2 influenza virus showed better viability ( P <0.05 versus influenza virus control) and no obvious cytopathic effects compared with an influenza virus control group and a group treated with the solvent used for preparation of the AgNPs. Hemagglutination assay indicated that AgNPs could significantly inhibit growth of the influenza virus in Madin-Darby canine kidney cells ( P <0.01 versus the influenza virus control). AgNPs significantly reduced cell apoptosis induced by H3N2 influenza virus at three different treatment pathways ( P <0.05 versus influenza virus control). H3N2 influenza viruses treated with AgNPs were analyzed by transmission electron microscopy and found to interact with each other, resulting in destruction of morphologic viral structures in a time-dependent manner in a time range of 30 minutes to 2 hours. In addition, intranasal AgNP administration in mice significantly enhanced survival after infection with the H3N2 influenza virus. Mice treated with AgNPs showed lower lung viral titer levels and minor pathologic lesions in lung tissue, and had a marked survival benefit during secondary intranasal passage in vivo. These results provide evidence that AgNPs have beneficial effects in preventing H3N2 influenza virus infection both in vitro and in vivo, and demonstrate that AgNPs can be used as potential therapeutics for inhibiting outbreaks of influenza.

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Evolution of the adaptogenic concept from traditional use to medical systems: Pharmacology of stress‐ and aging‐related diseases

Panossian¹,

Efferth

Shikov

et al. 2020

Medicinal Research Reviews

178

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Adaptogens comprise a category of herbal medicinal and nutritional products promoting adaptability, resilience, and survival of living organisms in stress. The aim of this review was to summarize the growing knowledge about common adaptogenic plants used in various traditional medical systems (TMS) and conventional medicine and to provide a modern rationale for their use in the treatment of stress‐induced and aging‐related disorders. Adaptogens have pharmacologically pleiotropic effects on the neuroendocrine‐immune system, which explain their traditional use for the treatment of a wide range of conditions. They exhibit a biphasic dose‐effect response: at low doses they function as mild stress‐mimetics, which activate the adaptive stress‐response signaling pathways to cope with severe stress. That is in line with their traditional use for preventing premature aging and to maintain good health and vitality. However, the potential of adaptogens remains poorly explored. Treatment of stress and aging‐related diseases require novel approaches. Some combinations of adaptogenic plants provide unique effects due to their synergistic interactions in organisms not obtainable by any ingredient independently. Further progress in this field needs to focus on discovering new combinations of adaptogens based on traditional medical concepts. Robust and rigorous approaches including network pharmacology and systems pharmacology could help in analyzing potential synergistic effects and, more broadly, future uses of adaptogens. In conclusion, the evolution of the adaptogenic concept has led back to basics of TMS and a new level of understanding of holistic approach. It provides a rationale for their use in stress‐induced and aging‐related diseases.

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Protective Effect of Korean Red Ginseng Extract on the Infections by H1N1 and H3N2 Influenza Viruses in Mice

Cited by 53 publications

References 43 publications

Ameliorating Effect of Dietary Xylitol on Human Respiratory Syncytial Virus (hRSV) Infection

Ameliorating Effect of Dietary Xylitol on Human Respiratory Syncytial Virus (hRSV) Infection

Inhibition of A/Human/Hubei/3/2005 (H3N2) influenza virus infection by silver nanoparticles in vitro and in vivo

Evolution of the adaptogenic concept from traditional use to medical systems: Pharmacology of stress‐ and aging‐related diseases

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