Protective effect ofMonodora myristicaextracts on crude petroleum oil-contaminated catfish (Clarias gariepinus) diet in rats

Abstract

Humans and animals are constantly exposed to crude petroleum contaminated diets in petroleum producing areas of the world. As a result, researches are on-going to find simple ameliorative agent against crude petroleum contaminated diet toxicity. The aim of this study was to evaluate the protective effect of Monodora myristica on some biochemical parameters of rats fed with crude petroleum oil contaminated catfish diet (CPO-CCD). Thirty male albino rats were separated into six groups of five rats as follows: group 1: control, group 2: rats were fed CPO-CCD only, group 3: CPO-CCD plus 1 ml/kg of 1 % tween 80, group 4: CPO-CCD plus M. myristica water extract (MWE), group 5: CPO-CCD plus M. myristica ethanol extract (MEE) and group 6: CPO-CCD plus M. myristica diethyl ether extract (MDEE). The feeding of the rats with CPO-CCD and administration of extracts orally lasted for 28 days. The results showed significant (P < 0.05) increase in aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP) in the serum and tissues (liver, kidney and brain) and decrease in total protein, albumin and globulin in the serum and liver of group 2 and 3 when compared with group 1. Significant (P < 0.05) decrease in AST, ALT, ALP activities and increase in total protein, albumin and globulin levels were observed after treatment with M. myristica extracts (group 4, 5, and 6) when compared with group 1. However, it could be concluded that MDEE revealed a strong effect when compared with the MEE and MWE.

Effects of Siam Weed (Chromolaena odorata) Leaf Extract on Crude Oil-induced Toxicity

“…These showed that the C. odorata leaves extracts may help in the prevention of liver tissue damage. Similar protections by plant extracts were documented [44,51,52] Serum and kidney concentrations of urea and creatinine are indices of renal function. Consequent rise in urea and creatinine serum levels are pointers to impaired renal function [53].…”

Effect of Methanolic Extract of Justicia Flava on Petroleum-Induced Reduced Cell Division and DNA Damage

“…This assertion is not surprising since earlier studies indicated that petroleum stimulated damages are preceded by the formation of free radicals that culminates in macromolecu-lar damage [44,45]. Therefore, the potency of petroleum and related chemicals are arrested in the presence of a sufficient amount of antioxidants [9,46,47]. The efficacy of JFME against DNA damage may be predicated on the rich bioactive compounds in Acanthaceae family, of which Justicia flava is a member [48].…”

“…The filtrate was evaporated to dryness using a water bath which produced a yield of 13.91 g/100 g of ground leaves. The extract was stored at -8 • C until required [9].…”

“…The liver and kidneys are two important organs in animals. The liver is the principal organ of metabolism and helps in the detoxification of chemical compounds, while the kidneys assist in the elimination of deactivated and solubilized toxicants from the body [7,8,9,10]. Studies have shown a multiplicity of adversarial histopathological alterations due to exposure to crude petroleum [11].…”

“…Moreover, various substances have been used as counter measures to crude oil toxicities. These substances include various vitamins [21,22,23,24] organic and inorganic substances [9,5,25] and various plant extracts [9,26,27]. A review of literature shows that there is one important plant with a lot of curative ability [27].…”