Protective effect ofGinkgo bilobaleaves extract, EGb761, on myocardium injury in ischemia reperfusion ratsviaregulation of TLR-4/NF-κB signaling pathway

Abstract

Beneficial actions of EGb 761 against ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury in lung, brain and renal ischemia have been described. However, the relationship between EGb 761 and signal molecules in myocardial ischemia reperfusion has not been well elucidated. In this study, we investigated the effects and mechanism of EGb 761 preconditioning on anti-myocardial I/R injuries in vivo. Meanwhile, their potential anti-oxidative stress and anti-inflammation effect were assessed. Hemodynamic parameters were monitored as left ventricular systolic pressure, LV end-diastolic pressure and maximal rate of increase and decrease of left ventricular pressure (dP/dtmax). The oxidative stress indicators and inflammatory factors were also evaluated. Western blot method was used for analysis of toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), p-TLR4, nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB), p-NF-κB p65, Bax and Bcl-2 protein expressions. EGb 761 significantly improved cardiac function, decreased levels of creatine kinase, aspartate aminotransferase and lactate dehydrogenase. EGb 761 also restrained the oxidative stress related to myocardial ischemia injury as evidenced by decreased malondialdehyde, superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione-peroxidase, glutathione reductase activity. Meanwhile, the inflammatory cascade was inhibited as evidenced by decreased cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-6 and interleukin-1β. Our results still showed that EGb 761 pretreatment significantly decrease the level of cleaved Bax, and increase the level of Bcl-2 in rats subjected to I/R injury. Simultaneously, the expressions of myocardial TLR4 and NF-κB were significantly decreased. It can be concluded that EGb 761 pretreatment was protected against myocardium I/R injury by decreasing oxidative stress, repressing inflammatory cascade in vivo and inhibiting TLR4/NF-κB pathway.

Effects of Ginkgo biloba on Diseases Related to Oxidative Stress

“…1), resulting in down-regulation of the inflammatory processes. It is also known that ginkgolide B can inhibit platelet-activating factor (PAF), which plays a large part in the inflammation of the airways [12,13,[15][16][17][18][19][20]. Although the reduction of pro-inflammatory cytokines has been identified in the studies, little is known about the mechanism of this reduction.…”

“…The same happens after partial hepatectomy, in which the free radicals harm liver regeneration. In addition to those cases, oxidative stress can reduce the total number of moving sperm cells and induce lesions to the myocardium during the heart reperfusion [12,14,[28][29][30]. In all these cases, it is possible to use EGB761 (▶ Table 1).…”

“…According to Tang et al [12], the free radicals derived from oxygen are known for playing a critical role in the genesis of heart tissue injury. Under normal conditions, cells can suppress free radicals.…”

“…The leaves and seeds of this plant have been used for medicinal purposes in China for centuries, initially being used for asthma and problems in the digestive system. In Europe and the USA, they have been sold since the sixties, and now they represent one of the most popular phytotherapeutic products in the world [5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12].…”

Protective effects ofGinkgo bilobaL. against natural toxins, chemical toxicities, and radiation: A comprehensive review

“…Leaves and seeds of GB have been used in Chinese, Japanese, and Indonesian traditional medicine for thousands of years (Singh, Barreto, Aliev, & Echeverria, ). Recently, GB leaf extracts (GBLEs) are being used very commonly as the phytomedicines all over the world (Tang et al, ). In this regard, there are a lot of commercial products of GBLEs that have been purchased and applied in approximately all studies reviewed here, except those we especially explained.…”