Protective effect of Feijoa sellowianan fruit on testicular toxicity‐induced by cadmium chloride

Abstract

Cadmium chloride (CdCl 2) as an environmental and industrial toxin has a significant detrimental effect on the testis (Nna et al., 2017). CdCl 2 is in the heavy metal group that is primarily released from colour pigments, TV screens, plating, battery manufacturing, plastics and fertilisers, and mining activities (Saini & Dhania, 2020). This combination enters the human body through contaminated food, drinking water and inhalation of air containing CdCl 2 particles or smoke containing CdCl 2 due to occupational exposure or air pollution caused by jungle fire (Rehman et al., 2018). Also, nutrition is the main source of absorption of CdCl 2. Vegetables and grains that grow in CdCl 2-contaminated soils or soils that are naturally high in CdCl 2 to be the main source of nonworking conditions exposure (Chunhabundit, 2016). Tobacco plants selectively absorb CdCl 2 from the soil and tobacco consumption increases the level of CdCl 2 in the human body. CdCl 2 can enter the lungs through tobacco smoke (Ganguly et al., 2018) and then circulate CdCl 2 throughout the body. In the liver, CdCl 2 with proteins forms a complex that is eventually secreted by the kidneys (Shirriff & Heikkila, 2017). CdCl 2 concentration in the blood of smokers is 4-5 times and in kidney 2-3 times higher than nonsmokers (Mannino et al., 2004; Mazur et al., 2018). The half-life of cadmium in the blood is estimated at 75-128 days, which means that CdCl 2 is deposited in organs including the liver, kidney and reproductive system and is not excreted from the body (Thompson & Bannigan, 2008). CdCl 2 causes hepatotoxicity (Almeer et al., 2018), nephrotoxicity (Sadek et al., 2017) hematotoxicity (Pagano et al., 2017), cardiotoxicity (Shrivastava et al., 2019) and skeletal muscle injury (Al-Sawafi et al., 2017). Epidemiological studies have shown that CdCl 2 has negative effects on sex hormone concentrations, sperm parameters and male infertility (Olaniyan et al., 2018). Cd with rupture

An electron microscopic and biochemical study of the potential protective effect of ginger against Cadmium-induced testicular pathology in rats

“…Our study demonstrated decreased testosterone, LH, and FSH levels in the Cd-exposed rats, findings that agree with previously published data on the effect of CdCl 2 on the pituitary-gonadal axis by Nna et al (2017) , Wang et al (2021) , and Horri et al (2021) . The reduced FSH levels could be explained by Cd-induced apoptosis in the anterior pituitary cells in a dose-dependent manner ( Yang et al , 2005 ).…”

“…The percentage of motility in spermatozoa was calculated, a hemocytometer lam performed sperm counting, and the viability of spermatozoa was evaluated by cell membrane integrity following the criteria provided by the WHO. The assessment of sperm morphology was qualitative and quantitative and included microscopic evaluation for atypical spermatozoa morphology involving any changes involving the head, neck, mid-piece and tail and the diagnosis of abnormal spermatozoa ( Horri et al, 2021 ).…”

Letrozole protects against cadmium-induced inhibition of spermatogenesis via LHCGR and Hsd3b6 to activate testosterone synthesis in mice

“…Disturbed gonadal and hormonal functions are also postulated to play a crucial role in the testicular toxicity induced by cadmium. Previous studies have described that several substrates that can regulate steroidogenesis and exert therapeutic effects on cadmium-induced testicular toxicity, such as Feijoa, Shilajit and Moringa leaf ethanolic extracts [ 6 , 28 , 29 ]. The present study was conducted to evaluate the effect of cadmium on steroidogenesis, the quality and quantity of sperm, and the inflammatory response in mice.…”

Letrozole Protects Against Cadmium-induced Inhibition of Spermatogenesis via LHCGR and Hsd3b6 to Activate Testosterone Synthesis in Mice

“…Disturbed gonadal and hormonal functions are also believed to play a crucial role in the testicular toxicity induced by cadmium. Several studies have reported that several substrates that can regulate steroidogenesis can have therapeutic effects on cadmium-induced testicular toxicity, such as Feijoa, Shilajit and Moringa leaf ethanolic extracts [6, 23,24]. The present work was undertaken to evaluate the effect of cadmium on steroidogenesis, the quality and quantity of sperm, and the in ammatory response in mice.…”