Protective Effect of Genistein on the Morphine-Induced Kidney Disorders in Male Mice

Abstract

Background: Morphine is a member of the naturally occurring phenanthrene alkaloids of opium. Genistein is a phytoestrogen, present in soy products. This study was designed to evaluate protective effects of genistein against morphine induced damages to the kidneys of mice.Methods: In this study, 48 male mice were randomly assigned to 8 groups: control (saline), morphine treated group (10 mg/kg/day); genistein groups (1, 2, 4 mg/kg/day) and morphine plus genistein treated group. Drugs were administrated intraperitoneally for 30 consequent days. Weight of animals and kidneys, glomeruli characteristics, kidney function markers and blood serum nitric oxide level has been studied. Result:The results indicated that morphine administration significantly increased Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), Blood urea nitrogen (BUN), creatinine and nitric oxide levels compared to the control ( saline) group (P<0.05). Genistein in all doses and genistein plus morphine at the dose of 4 mg/kg significantly decreased LDH, BUN, creatinine, glomerular diameter and nitric oxide levels compared to the control and morphine groups (p<0.05). Conclusion:It seems that genistein administration improved kidney damages induced by morphine in mice.

The effects of opium consumption on severity of disease on hospitalized COVID-19 patients in East of Iran, a prospective cohort study

“…The previous studies also indicated that opium consumption significantly increased the WBC, platelet and neutrophil count [ 36 37 ]. Administration of morphine in an experimental study also significantly increased BUN, creatinine and nitric oxide levels compared to the control mice [ 38 ]. It has been reported that Rhabdomyolysis (proteins and electrolytes release from muscle tissue) and muscle necrosis were induced by lead poisoning [ 39 ].…”

Dietary Polyphenols: Review on Chemistry/Sources, Bioavailability/Metabolism, Antioxidant Effects, and Their Role in Disease Management

“…The isoflavone inhibited NF-κB, iNOS, and COX-2 activation alongside cytokines such as TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-1β [397]. Genistein improves kidney damage induced by morphine [398]. Empirical report have suggested a similar antioxidant potency for genistein and daidzein toward DNA oxidative insult [399].…”

Impact of Opioids on Cellular Metabolism: Implications for Metabolic Pathways Involved in Cancer

“…Lactate dehydrogenase B (LDHB) more readily oxidizes lactate to pyruvate while the A subunit is involved with the reverse reaction as part of anerobic glycolysis. Both acute and chronic morphine administration (10–100 mg/kg) alter the expression level of components of the LDH complex, increasing LDHA but decreasing LDHB mRNA and protein expression; a change not observed with tramadol treatment [ 18 , 87 , 88 , 89 , 110 ]. The changes to LDH are thought to be a compensatory mechanism to help fulfil immediate energy demands.…”

“…“+” indicates an increase in either activity, expression, or level, while “-” indicates a decrease in the aforementioned parameters. HK—hexokinase; GK—glucokinase; PGI—phosphoglucose isomerase; PFK—phosphofructokinase; ALDO—aldolase; DHAP—dihydroxyacetone phosphate; TPI—triosephosphate isomerase; GAPDH—glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase; PGK—phosphoglycerate kinase; PGM—phosphoglycerate mutase; ENO—enolase; PK—pyruvate kinase; LDH-A—lactate dehydrogenase A; PD—pyruvate dehydrogenase; PC—pyruvate carboxylase; CS—citrate synthase; AH—aconitase or aconitate hydratase; IDH—isocitrate dehydrogenase; a-KGD—α-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase; SCoAS—succinyl CoA synthetase; SD—succinate dehydrogenase; FH—fumarase or fumarate hydratase; MD—malate dehydrogenase; GLS—glutaminase; GS—glutamine synthase; GDH—glutamate dehydrogenase (also known as glutamic acid decarboxylase); OXPHOS—oxidative phosphorylation; PPP—pentose phosphate pathway [ 18 , 79 , 80 , 81 , 82 , 82 , 83 , 84 , 85 , 86 , 87 , 88 , 89 , 90 , 91 , 91 , 92 , 92 , 93 , 94 , 95 , 96 , 97 , 98 , 99 , 100 ].…”