Protective Effect of Gallotannin-Enriched Extract Isolated from Galla Rhois against CCl4-Induced Hepatotoxicity in ICR Mice

Abstract

To investigate the toxicity, protective effects, and action mechanism of gallotannin-enriched extracts isolated from Galla Rhois (GEGR) against carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced hepatotoxicity in Institute for Cancer Research (ICR) mice, alterations in serum biochemical indicators, histopathological structure, antioxidative status, hepatic apoptosis-related proteins, and liver fibrosis regulating factors were measured in mice pretreated with GEGR for five days before CCl4 injection. The GEGR/CCl4 treated group showed decreased levels of three serum marker enzymes (ALP, AST, and ALT) representing liver toxicity, although LDH levels remained constant. Necrotic area indicating hepatic cell death significantly inhibited, while malondialdehyde (MDA) concentration and superoxide dismutase (SOD) expression were dramatically recovered in the GEGR preadministrated group. In mechanism analyses of GEGR, the formation of active caspase-3 and enhancement of Bax/Bcl-2 expression was effectively inhibited in the GEGR/CCl4 treated group. The level of pro-inflammatory cytokines, TNF-α and IL-6, as well as the phosphorylation of p38 and JNK in the TNF-α downstream signaling pathway was rapidly recovered in the GEGR/CCl4 treated group, while anti-inflammatory cytokine (IL-10) increased slightly in the same group. Furthermore, the GEGR/CCl4 treated group showed a significant decrease in collagen accumulation results from alleviation of MMP-2 expression, TGF-β1 secretion and the phosphorylation of Smad2/3. Taken together, these results suggest that GEGR may induce remarkable protective effects against hepatic injury induced by CCl4 treatment through upregulation of the anti-inflammatory and antioxidant system.

The Protective Properties of the Strawberry (Fragaria ananassa) against Carbon Tetrachloride-Induced Hepatotoxicity in Rats Mediated by Anti-Apoptotic and Upregulation of Antioxidant Genes Expression Effects

“…However, strawberry juice supplementation strongly decreased transaminases enzyme in the serum. These findings were consistent with those of many previous studies that showed administration of several antioxidant mixtures or herbal medicines significantly declined the levels of serum marker enzymes in CCl 4 treated animals as mentioned by Go et al ( 2016 ).…”

Ethanol extracts collected from the <i>Styela clava</i> tunic alleviate hepatic injury induced by carbon tetrachloride (CCl₄) through inhibition of hepatic apoptosis, inflammation, and fibrosis

“…Hepatic fibrosis, which is a histological hallmark of chronic liver disease, is characterized by excessive accumulation of connective tissue in the liver and considered an indicator of persistent or progressive hepatic injury 26 . In a previous study, dense staining of an excessive accumulation of collagen that expanded into the portal triads was observed in a Vehicle+CCl 4 -treated group compared with a non-treated group 27 . To investigate the protective effects of EtSCT against CCl 4 -induced hepatic fibrosis, samples were evaluated for changes in collagen and MMPs expression, and TGF-β1 signaling pathways were observed in the liver tissue of the subset groups.…”

Protective effect of Jageum-Jung on chlorpyrifos-induced acute toxicity in ICR mice

“…JGJ consists of specific herbs which have detoxifying effects. Galla Rhois is the gall produced by the aphid, Schlechtendalia chinensis (Bell), on the leaves of Rhus chinensis, and contains about 50-90% gallotannin, which has antioxidant and hepatoprotective properties [32,33]. Cremastrae Tuber is the tuber of Cremastra appendiculata M. and contains glucomannan and colchicine, which have anti-inflammatory and anticancer properties [34,35].…”