Protective effect of chondroitin sulfate nano-selenium on chondrocyte of patients with Kashin-Beck disease

Abstract

Objective To investigate the protective effect of chondroitin sulfate nano-selenium (SeCS) on chondrocyte of Kashin-Beck disease (KBD). Methods Chondrocyte samples were isolated from the cartilage of three male KBD patients (54–57 years old). The chondrocytes were respectively divided into four groups: (a) control group, (b) SeCS supplement group (100 ng/mL SeCS), (c) T-2 + SeCS supplement group (20 ng/mL T-2 + 100 ng/mL SeCS), and (d) T-2 group (20 ng/mL T-2). Live/dead staining and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) were used to observe cell viability and ultrastructural changes in chondrocytes respectively. Expressions of Caspase-9, cytochrome C (Cyt-C), and chondroitin sulfate (CS) structure-modifying sulfotransferases including carbohydrate sulfotransferase 3, 15 (CHST-3, CHST-15), and uronyl 2-O-sulfotransferase (UST) were examined by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. Results After one- or three-days intervention, the number of living chondrocytes in the SeCS supplement group was higher than that in the control group, while it is opposite in the T-2 + SeCS supplement group and T-2 group. The cellular villi number in the surface increased in the SeCS supplement group compared with the control group. Mitochondrial morphology density was improved in the T-2 + SeCS supplement group compared with the T-2 group. Expressions of CHST-3, CHST-15, UST, Caspase-9, and Cyt-C on the mRNA level significantly increased in the T-2 + SeCS supplement group and T-2 group compared with the control group. Conclusions SeCS supplement increased the number of living chondrocytes, improved the ultrastructure, and altered the expressions of CS structure-modifying sulfotransferases, Caspase-9, and Cyt-C.

Identification of N-Glycoproteins of Knee Cartilage from Adult Osteoarthritis and Kashin-Beck Disease Based on Quantitative Glycoproteomics, Compared with Normal Control Cartilage

“…Two enzymes related to chondroitin sulfate (CS, one basic component of ECM) metabolism [ 29 , 34 ], CHST-3 and CHST-4, were also identified as differentially expressed N-glycoproteins. CHST-3 is a type II transmembrane protein with six N-glycosylation sites and catalyzes the transfer of sulfate to position 6 of GalNAc residues of CS [ 35 ].…”

Effects of selenium and iodine on Kashin-Beck disease: an updated review

“…Currently, oral sodium selenite is the primary methods used for Se supplementation ( 125 ). Chondroitin sulfate nano-selenium has been tested as a supplement of selenium ( 126 ). Se supplementation has a significant impact on the treatment of KBD.…”

“…Fatima et al also discovered that moderate concentrations of Se nanoparticles can enhance the survival and osteogenic potential of human mesenchymal stem cells by mitigating oxidative stress ( 129 ). Qiao et al found that chondroitin sulfate nano-selenium supplement increased the number of living chondrocytes, improved the ultrastructure, and altered the expressions of chondroitin sulfate structure-modifying sulfotransferases, Caspase-9, and Cyt-C ( 126 ). However, the literature is scarce on the green synthesis of Se nanoparticles, necessitating further investigation into the interplay between Se and Se nanoparticles, as well as elucidation of the underlying biological pathways responsible for their differential therapeutic efficacy.…”