Protective Effect of Boerhaavia diffusa L. against Mitochondrial Dysfunction in Angiotensin II Induced Hypertrophy in H9c2 Cardiomyoblast Cells

Abstract

Mitochondrial dysfunction plays a critical role in the development of cardiac hypertrophy and heart failure. So mitochondria are emerging as one of the important druggable targets in the management of cardiac hypertrophy and other associated complications. In the present study, effects of ethanolic extract of Boerhaavia diffusa (BDE), a green leafy vegetable against mitochondrial dysfunction in angiotensin II (Ang II) induced hypertrophy in H9c2 cardiomyoblasts was evaluated. H9c2 cells challenged with Ang II exhibited pathological hypertrophic responses and mitochondrial dysfunction which was evident from increment in cell volume (49.09±1.13%), protein content (55.17±1.19%), LDH leakage (58.74±1.87%), increased intracellular ROS production (26.25±0.91%), mitochondrial superoxide generation (65.06±2.27%), alteration in mitochondrial transmembrane potential (ΔΨm), opening of mitochondrial permeability transition pore (mPTP) and mitochondrial swelling. In addition, activities of mitochondrial respiratory chain complexes (I-IV), aconitase, NADPH oxidase, thioredoxin reductase, oxygen consumption rate and calcium homeostasis were evaluated. Treatment with BDE significantly prevented the generation of intracellular ROS and mitochondrial superoxide radicals and protected the mitochondria by preventing dissipation of ΔΨm, opening of mPTP, mitochondrial swelling and enhanced the activities of respiratory chain complexes and oxygen consumption rate in H9c2 cells. Activities of aconitase and thioredoxin reductase which was lowered (33.77±0.68% & 45.81±0.71% respectively) due to hypertrophy, were increased in BDE treated cells (P≤0.05). Moreover, BDE also reduced the intracellular calcium overload in Ang II treated cells. Overall results revealed the protective effects of B. diffusa against mitochondrial dysfunction in hypertrophy in H9c2 cells and the present findings may shed new light on the therapeutic potential of B. diffusa in addition to its nutraceutical potentials.

Imperatorin acts as a cisplatin sensitizer via downregulating Mcl-1 expression in HCC chemotherapy

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Phloretin ameliorates arsenic trioxide induced mitochondrial dysfunction in H9c2 cardiomyoblasts mediated via alterations in membrane permeability and ETC complexes

“…Reactive oxygen species play an important role in the development of cardiovascular disease, including hypertension, atherosclerosis, cardiac hypertrophy, ischemia-reperfusion injury and stroke (Paravicini and Touyz 2008;Prathapan et al, 2014;Soumya et al, 2014). In addition to increased free radical production in the failing heart, there is evidence that decreased antioxidant reserves contribute to increased oxidative stress.…”

Advances in Boerhaavia diffusa hairy root technology: a valuable pursuit for identifying strain sensitivity and up-scaling factors to refine metabolite yield and bioactivity potentials

“…Demonstration of antispasmodics/spasmolytic activity of the methanolic root extracts of this plant has further shown the potent use of this time-honoured medicinal plant for the treatment of involuntary muscle spasm caused due to various muscle disorders, including the debilitating symptoms of torticollis, paraplegia and palsy/glossal palsy (Borrelli et al 2006;Mishra et al 2014). A recent report has ignited new expectations about the cardio-protective potential of the ethanolic extract B. diffusa by highlighting its efficacious impact against mitochondrial dysfunction, which has formerly been proven to play a crucial role in triggering the development of cardiac hypertrophy and heart failure (Prathapan et al 2014). The revelation of such multifaceted pharmacokinetics of this plant through the advent of latest tools of combinatorial chemistry is not only the additional therapeutic applications of this ancient medicinal plant in adjunct to its traditional uses, but also boosted its demand in the pharmaceutical industries for future drug development in the years to come.…”