Protective Effect of Blood Cora Polysaccharides on H9c2 Rat Heart Cells Injury Induced by Oxidative Stress by Activating Nrf2/HO-1 Signal Pathway

Abstract

The protective effect of blood cora polysaccharides (BCP) on H9c2 rat heart cells under oxidative stress was explored with the use of a H9c2 cell oxidative stress model. The ability of BCP to scavenge 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS), 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), and hydroxyl radicals and its reducing power were measured in vitro, indicating a more powerful antioxidant effect of BCP compared to a similar concentration of vitamin C. The cellular metabolic activity was tested through the MTT [3-(4,5-dimethyl-2-thiazolyl)-2,5-diphenyl-2-H-tetrazolium bromide] assay. Additionally, the relevant oxidation indicator level within the cell supernatant and cells was tested with reagent kits, and mRNA and protein expression levels in the cells were tested through quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) and western blot. The chemical composition of BCP was determined through high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The results show that compared with the normal group, the model group's cell survival rate (28.75 ± 2.56%) decreased, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) leakage and the malondialdehyde (MDA) content increased, and superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and glutathione (GSH) levels decreased. The results of qPCR and western blot show that compared with the normal group, the model group's Bcl-2 associated X protein (Bax), caspase-3, nuclear factor erythroid-2 related factor 2 (Nrf2), heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) expression, NAD(P)H:quinoneoxidoreductase 1 (NQO1), and cytochrome c (Cyt C) decreased, and B-cell lymphoma-2 (Bcl-2) expression was increased, with significant statistical differences. Compared with the model group, the cell survival rate for each BCP-treated group increased, the LDH leakage decreased, the SOD, CAT, and GSH levels in the cells increased, the MDA content decreased, the Bax, caspase-3, Nrf2, HO-1, NQO1, and Cyt C expression was weakened, and the Bcl-2 expression was strengthened. BCP inhibited the reduction of mitochondrial membrane potential caused by H2O2 treatment. According to the component analysis, BCP mainly consist of mannitol, ribose, glucosum anhydricum, galactose, and xylose. It was observed that the Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathway can be activated, regulated, and controlled by functional BCP to protect H9c2 cells injured by oxidative stress.

Blood Coral Polysaccharide Helps Prevent D-Gal/LPS-Induced Acute Liver Failure in Mice

“…Five monosaccharides were identified from BCP, in which D-galactose had the most content, followed by D-(+)mannose, D-xylose, D-ribose, D (+)-glucose, consistent with the previous studies. 14,25 The excessive production of free radicals is the fuse of human aging and various diseases, and people's attention to free radical scavenging continues to rise. Compared with synthetic antioxidants, natural red algae polysaccharides have greater advantages in scavenging free radicals in vitro.…”

“…27 The study also found that BCP has a strong scavenging ability to DPPH and ABTS free radicals, which is stronger than that of vitamin C at similar concentrations. 14 We established an ALF mouse model by D-Gal/LPS induction. LPS is the main virulence factor in this model, and large dose of endotoxin into the blood can lead to endotoxemia, endotoxic shock, and multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS).…”

“…Each group contained eight animals. The modeling operation was as follows: treatment groups were given 0.2 mL of silymarin (100 mg/kg bw) 15 and BCP (150 mg/kg bw and 300 mg/kg bw) 14 by gavage per day, respectively. Other groups were replaced with 0.9% normal saline for 2 weeks.…”

“…[10][11][12][13] Blood coral, a type of red algae that has been shown to antagonize oxidative stress in H9c2 rat heart cells, was used in this study. 14 Mice were fed with blood coral polysaccharides (BCP) to improve their body constitution, and then ALF was induced with D-Gal/LPS) treatment. The ability of BCP to prevent ALF in mice was evaluated by liver function, oxidation, inflammation, and immunity indicators in vivo.…”

Chemical characterization of Tianshan green tea polysaccharides and its protective effects on cell oxidative injury

“…In case of an insult, Nrf2 is released from Keap-1, moves to the nucleus, and promotes the expression of cytoprotective genes, including HO-1. Following, the downstream antioxidant enzymes such as SOD would be activated to resist the toxic effects of ROS (Jiang et al, 2021;Reziwan et al, 2019). Interestingly, the study has shown that TSPS resulted in Keap-1/Nrf2 dissociation and subsequently increased HO-1 expression, causing upregulation of downstream antioxidant enzymes such as SOD and CAT, which neutralizes ROS and has a protective effect against oxidative stress.…”