Protective Effect of Betaine on Changes in the Levels of Membrane-bound ATPase activity and Mineral Status in Experimentally Induced Myocardial Infarction in Wistar Rats

Abstract

Cardiovascular diseases are emerging as a major public health problem in most parts of the world even in developing countries still afflicted by infectious diseases, undernutrition, and other illnesses related to poverty. In the present study, we investigated the protective effect of betaine, a potent lipotropic molecule, on changes in the levels of membrane-bound ATPase activities, lipid peroxidation, sulfhydryl activities, and mineral status in isoprenaline-induced myocardial infarction in Wistar rats, an animal model of myocardial infarction in man. Oral administration of betaine (250 mg/kg body weight/day for a period of 30 days) significantly (p < 0.05) reduced the isoprenaline-induced abnormalities noted in the levels of sodium, potassium, and calcium in plasma and heart tissue. Pretreatment with betaine significantly attenuated isoprenaline-induced membrane-bound ATPase depletion in the heart tissue and preserved the myocardial membrane-bound ATPase activities at levels comparable to that of control rats. Oral administration of betaine significantly attenuated the isoprenaline-altered sulfhydryl groups in the heart tissue and preserved the myocardial sulfhydryl activities at levels comparable to that of control rats. It also significantly counteracted the isoprenaline-mediated lipid peroxidation and maintained the level at near normal. In the results of the present study, betaine administration significantly prevented the isoprenaline-induced alterations in the activities of membrane-bound ATPases, lipid peroxides, myocardial sulfhydryl levels, and maintained the mineral status at near normal.

Studies on the protective effects of betaine against oxidative damage during experimentally induced restraint stress in Wistar albino rats

“…Earlier, we reported the protective effect of betaine on mitochondrial function (Ganesan et al 2007a) protein and glycoprotein metabolism (Ganesan et al 2007b) and lipid metabolism (Ganesan et al 2008) and lysosomal function (Ganesan and Anandan 2009) against isoprenaline-induced myocardial infarction in rats. In the present study, an attempt was made to assess the protective effects of betaine against oxidative damage during experimentally induced restraint stress in Wistar albino rats with respect to changes in the levels of lipid peroxidation, antioxidant status (GST, GPx, CAT, SOD activities, and GSH level) in lymphoid organs of thymus and spleen, changes in the adrenal weight, plasma protein, and corticosterone levels.…”

Protective Effects of Millettia Pulchra Flavonoids on Myocardial Ischemia In Vitro and In Vivo

“…Calcium overload in myocardial cells during ischemia activates Ca 2+ -dependent ATPase in the membrane, which depletes high-energy phosphate stores and thereby indirectly inhibits Na + and K + transport and inactivates Na + -K + -ATPase [35]. This process is another important factor leading to myocardial oxidative damage and apoptosis [36,37,38]. Na + -K + -ATPase maintains an active potential and myocardial excitation.…”

Protective effect of betaine on changes in the levels of lysosomal enzyme activities in heart tissue in isoprenaline-induced myocardial infarction in Wistar rats

“…It has been shown that betaine regulates erythrocyte (red blood cell) membrane ATPases via conformational changes, which results in cell volume control (Moeckel et al 2002). Earlier, we reported the protective effect of betaine on antioxidant status (Ganesan et al 2008b), mitochondrial function (Ganesan et al 2007a), protein and glycoprotein metabolism (Ganesan et al 2007b), and lipid metabolism (Ganesan et al 2008a) in isoprenaline-induced myocardial infarction in Wistar rats. In the present study, an attempt was made to assess the protective effects of betaine on isoprenaline-induced myocardial infarction with respect to changes in the levels of lysosomal enzymes and lipid peroxidation.…”