Protective effect of BCG vaccination in infant Asians: a case-control study.

Packe, Geoffrey E.; Innes, John

doi:10.1136/adc.63.3.277

Cited by 73 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…Analysis of the 8 case-control studies involving populations vaccinated as infants [18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25] showed a combined OR of 0.45 (95% Cl, 0.34-0.59), for a protective effect of 55% against tuberculosis. When the 10 case-control studies [18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27] with 1414 cases of predominantly pulmonary tuberculosis were combined (table 2), BCG vaccination had a 50% protective effect compared with no vaccination (95% CI for the OR, 0.39-0.64). The protective effect of BCG was stronger (83%) when the analysis was limited to patients in case-control studies [19,24,25] in which the diagnosis of tuberculosis was established by a positive culture or histology (95% CI for OR, 0.07-0.42).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Preventing Tuberculosis with Bacillus Calmette-Guérin Vaccine: A Meta-Analysis of the Literature

Brewer

2000

Clinical Infectious Diseases

241

145

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This article reviews a previously published meta-analysis of 1264 titles or abstracts and 70 selected studies for evaluation of the efficacy of bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) vaccine in preventing tuberculosis. Following review, data from 26 studies were included in the analysis. These 26 studies reveal that vaccination with BCG significantly reduces the risk of tuberculosis by an average of 50%. This level of protection persists across a number of subgroups defined by age at vaccination and study design. Vaccination with BCG was significantly associated with a reduction in the incidence of pulmonary tuberculosis and extrapulmonary disease. In general, the results of this meta-analysis lend weight and confidence to arguments favoring the use of BCG vaccine.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Preventing Tuberculosis with Bacillus Calmette-Guérin Vaccine: A Meta-Analysis of the Literature

Brewer

2000

Clinical Infectious Diseases

241

145

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“…10 One of them is the genetic variation in the used BCG strains (BCGs Japan, Birkhaug, Sweden, and Russia and the late strains, including BCGs Pasteur, Danish, Glaxo, and Prague), related to genetic polymorphisms produced during different methods of vaccine preparation 11 . This variability depends also on the disease outcome being measured, on the methods and routes of vaccine administration and on the environment and characteristics of the studied population (genetic population characteristics 12 , interference by notuberculosis mycobacteria It results in a no-specific immune response against mycobacteria, whom vaccine does not add anything 13,14,15 , or interference by concurrent parasitic infection, which makes vaccine response less effective 16 ). The efficacy for consistency of different strains ranges from 0% to 80% 17 , while the overall protective effect of BCG vaccine, as average, has been found to be 51% in the clinical trials (95% CI, 30-66%) and 50% in the case-control studies (95% CI, 36-61%) according to a review 18 , using a model that included the geographical latitude of the study site and the data validity score as covariates.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Clinical and economic impact of a specific BCG vaccination program implemented in Prato, central Italy, involving foreign newborns on hospitalizations

Bellini

Nastasi

Boccalini

2016

Human Vaccines & Immunotherapeutics

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In Tuscany (Central Italy), the average annual notification rate of tuberculosis (TB) in the years 2007-2012 was 7.5-9.8 per 100,000 people, with the Local Health Unit of Prato (LHU4) showing the highest rate compared to the other regional area. Therefore, in order to reduce the burden of TB, foreign newborns in the LHU4 are being given the Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) vaccine since 2000. The aim of this study is to assess the impact of BCG vaccination in Prato, in terms of TB-related hospitalizations and costs. The regional archive containing all TB-related discharges and costs in the period 2007-2014 was consulted. Data regarding foreigners living in the LHU4 who have been vaccinated since 2000 were compared with those living in the other Tuscan LHUs and never vaccinated. These populations were then disaggregated by a threshold age of 15 y. After calculating the standardized hospitalization rates, the expected number of hospitalizations for TB among unvaccinated adults (in both populations) was found to be similar in the LHU4 and the other LHUs (165 vs. 156). However, expected number of hospitalizations among children in the other Tuscan LHUs (67) was double that of the LHU4 (34). If the same vaccine had been administrated everywhere, each year 29 hospitalizations could have been avoided and EUR 343,525 saved. Overall, BCG vaccinations cost EUR 14,879 in the LHU4, but 69 hospitalizations were avoided and EUR 107,435 saved. The introduction of the BCG immunization program in the LHU4 of Prato has led to significant reductions in the clinical and economic impact of TB.

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“…'4 BCG vaccination should therefore be given at birth for those born in Britain for this has been shown to be effective. '5 16 Children born abroad should be tuberculin tested and screened as soon as possible after arrival. KEN CITRON Royal Brompton National Heart and Lung Hospital, London SW3 6NP…”

Section: Editorialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tuberculin positive children.

Citron¹

1992

Thorax

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Protective effect of BCG vaccination in infant Asians: a case-control study.

Cited by 73 publications

References 14 publications

Preventing Tuberculosis with Bacillus Calmette-Guérin Vaccine: A Meta-Analysis of the Literature

Preventing Tuberculosis with Bacillus Calmette-Guérin Vaccine: A Meta-Analysis of the Literature

Clinical and economic impact of a specific BCG vaccination program implemented in Prato, central Italy, involving foreign newborns on hospitalizations

Tuberculin positive children.

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