Protective effect of aqueous garlic extract against naphthalene-induced oxidative stress in mice

Abstract

The aim of this study was to investigate the possible protective effects of aqueous garlic extract (AGE) against naphthalene-induced oxidative changes in liver, kidney, lung and brain of mice. Balb/c mice (25-30 g) of either sex were divided into five groups each comprising 10 animals. Mice received for 30 days: 0.9% NaCl, i.p. (control); corn oil, i.p; AGE in a dose of 125 mg kg-1, i.p.; naphthalene in a dose of 100 mg kg-1, i.p. (dissolved in corn oil); and AGE (in a dose of 125 mg kg-1, i.p.) plus naphthalene (in a dose of 100 mg kg-1, i.p.). After decapitation, liver, kidney, lung and brain tissues were excised. Malondialdehyde (MDA) and glutathione (GSH) levels and myeloperoxidase activity (MPO) were determined in the tissues, while oxidant-induced tissue fibrosis was determined by collagen content. Tissues were also examined microscopically. Serum aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase levels and blood urea nitrogen and creatinine concentrations were measured for the evaluation of hepatic and renal function, respectively. MDA and GSH levels were also assayed in serum samples. In the naphthalene-treated group, GSH levels decreased significantly, while MDA levels, MPO activity and collagen content increased in the tissues (P<0.01-0.001), suggesting oxidative organ damage, which was also verified histologically. In the AGE-treated naphthalene group, all of these oxidant responses were reversed significantly (P<0.05-0.01). Hepatic and renal function test parameters, which increased significantly (P<0.001) following naphthalene administration, decreased (P<0.05-0.001) after AGE treatment. The results demonstrate the role of oxidative mechanisms in naphthalene-induced tissue damage. The antioxidant properties of AGE ameliorated oxidative organ injury due to naphthalene toxicity.

Garlic Extract Ameliorates Renal and Cardiopulmonary Injury in the Rats with Chronic Renal Failure

“…In accordance with the present results, it was previously shown that the therapeutic action of garlic on different inflammatory events is mediated, in part, by its inhibitory effect on tissue neutrophil infiltration. 26,46,63 In accordance with the MPO results, increased proinflammatory cytokines TNF-α and IL-1β levels were also suppressed by garlic treatment. Recently, in human umbilical vein endothelial cells, garlic was shown to attenuate TNF-α-induced ROS generation, VCAM-1 expression, NF-κB activation, and adhesiveness for monocytes.…”

“…[36][37][38] Since ROS have been implicated in mediating various pathological processes (e.g., ischemic heart disease, peripheral arterial occlusive disease, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, and toxicities), it can be suggested that the beneficial effects of garlic in these conditions may be due to its antioxidant activity. [39][40][41][42][43][44][45][46] The compounds in garlic (S-allylcysteine, S-allyl-mercapto cysteine, S-allyl-cysteine sulfoxide, and allicin), through their radical scavenging abilities, have been suggested to be responsible for its preventive effects against oxidative injury. 14 Diallyldisulfide (DADS), a metabolite of allicin, includes redoxactive sulfhydryl (SH)-or disulfide (-S-S)-groups which have already been proven to act as radical scavengers.…”

“…Similarly, it was previously shown in several nephrotoxicity models that oxidative damage in the kidney tissue was prevented Garlic Extract Ameliorates Renal and Cardiopulmonary Injury 723 by AGE, which was demonstrated by reduced MDA levels and restored renal functions. 22,23,26,46,53,54 Oxidative stress-induced tissue damage can be prevented or ameliorated by favoring the balance toward a lower oxidative status. GSH provides major protection in oxidative injury by participating in the cellular defense against oxidative damage and protects protein thiol groups from oxidation, 55 while depletion of tissue GSH is one of the primary factors that permit lipid peroxidation to occur.…”

Ginkgo biloba extract reduces naphthalene‐induced oxidative damage in mice

“…Previously, studying the toxic effects of naphthalene in mice, it was demonstrated that when administered chronically, naphthalene caused multiorgan damage by increasing lipid peroxidation of the tissues. Furthermore when aqueous garlic extract was administered concomitantly with naphthalene, this damage was prevented, suggesting that naphthalene caused oxidative injury and that antioxidative agents could be beneficial against naphthalene toxicity (Omurtag et al, 2005). As a free radical generating system, lipid peroxidation has been suggested to be closely related to oxidant-induced tissue damage, and MDA is a good indicator of the degree of lipid peroxidation (Vuchetich et al, 1996;Stark, 2005).…”

Garlic attenuates histological and histochemical alterations in livers ofSchistosoma mansoniinfected mice

“…Therefore, reduced granuloma formation in garlic treated mice could be related to a reduced number of worms and eggs (Riad et al 2009). Also, the reduced granuloma volume in garlic treated animals could be attributed to the fi brinolytic (Gedik et al 2005) and anti-infl ammatory (Abdel-Salam and Sayed 2012) properties of garlic.…”