Protective Effect of Aqueous Extract from the Leaves of Justicia tranquebariesis against Thioacetamide-Induced Oxidative Stress and Hepatic Fibrosis in Rats

Abstract

The present study aims to examine the protective effect of Justicia tranquebariesis on thioacetamide (TAA)-induced oxidative stress and hepatic fibrosis. Male Wister albino rats (150–200 g) were divided into five groups. Group 1 was normal control. Group 2 was J. tranquebariensis (400 mg/kg bw/p.o.)-treated control. Group 3 was TAA (100 mg/kg bw/s.c.)-treated control. Groups 4 and 5 were orally administered with the leaf extract of J. tranquebariensis (400 mg/kg bw) and silymarin (50 mg/kg bw) daily for 10 days with a subsequent administration of a single dose of TAA (100 mg/kg/s.c.). Blood and livers were collected and assayed for various antioxidant enzymes (SOD, CAT, GPx, GST, GSH, and GR). Treatment with J. tranquebariensis significantly reduced liver TBARS and enhanced the activities of antioxidant enzymes in TAA-induced fibrosis rats. Concurrently, pretreatment with J. tranquebariensis significantly reduced the elevated liver markers (AST, ALT, ALP, GGT, and TB) in the blood. In addition, J. tranquebariensis- and silymarin- administered rats demonstrated the restoration of normal liver histology and reduction in fibronectin and collagen deposition. Based on these findings, J. tranquebariensis has potent liver protective functions and can alleviate thioacetamide-induced oxidative stress, hepatic fibrosis and possible engross mechanisms connected to antioxidant potential.

Protective action of glutamine in rats with severe acute liver failure

“…GSH is considered an important marker of the antioxidant defenses of the cell. High doses of TAA lead to liver damage because it is biotransformed into a rapidly reacting metabolite that causes an imbalance of the glutathione redox cycle[44]. In this study, Gln was able to increase GSH levels in liver tissue, demonstrating its protective role.…”

Efficacy and Mechanism of Traditional Medicinal Plants and Bioactive Compounds against Clinically Important Pathogens

“…These metabolites offer clues to manufacture new structural types of antimicrobial and antifungal chemicals that are comparatively safe to humans [62]. The classes of secondary metabolites that have greater antimicrobial properties are flavonoids (flavones, flavonols, flavanols, isoflavones, anthocyanidins), phenolic acids (hydroxybenzoic, hydroxycinnamic acids), stilbenes, lignans, quinones, tannins, coumarins (simple coumarins, furanocoumarins, pyranocoumarins), terpenoids (sesquiterpene lactones, diterpenes, triterpenes, polyterpenes), alkaloids, glycosides, saponins, lectins, steroids, and polypeptides [6,16,56,62,[73][74][75][76][77][78][79][80][81][82][83]. These compounds have copious mechanisms that underlie antimicrobial activity, e.g., disturbing microbial membranes, weakening cellular metabolism, control biofilm formation, inhibiting bacterial capsule production, attenuating bacterial virulence by controlling quorum-sensing, and reducing microbial toxin production [3][4][5][6][73][74][75][76][77][78][79][80][81][82][83][84][85].…”

“…As proven by in vitro experiments, medicinal plants produce a boundless quantity of secondary metabolites that have great antimicrobial activity [9,10,18]. These plant-produced low molecular weight antibiotics are classified according to two types, namely phytoanticipins, which are involved in microbial inhibitory actions, and phytoalexins, which are generally anti-oxidative and synthesized de novo by plants in response to microbial infection [16,74]. Plant antimicrobial secondary metabolites are generally categorized into three broad classes, namely phenolic compounds, terpenes, and alkaloids.…”

Efficacy and Mechanisms of Flavonoids against the Emerging Opportunistic Nontuberculous Mycobacteria

“…They are classified into many subclasses based on variation in the central carbon ring viz., flavanones, flavonols, flavones, flavan, isoflavones and anthocyanidins [ 89 ]. There has been accumulating scientific interest in the study range of flavonoids that demonstrate the following pharmacological functions: antioxidant [ 90 , 91 ], antidiabetic and anti-obesity [ 92 , 93 ], hypolipidemic [ 94 ], anti-inflammatory [ 95 ], antimicrobial [ 96 , 97 , 98 ], anticancer [ 99 , 100 , 101 ], anti-aging [ 102 ], antiallergic and antithrombotic [ 103 ], hepatoprotective [ 104 , 105 , 106 , 107 ], cardioprotective [ 108 ], neuroprotective [ 109 ], nephroprotective [ 110 ], protect from lung injury [ 111 ] and improving endothelial function, adjourning age-related cognitive and neurodegenerative diseases [ 112 , 113 ]. The evidence has validated that the prolonged consumption of dietary flavonoids at higher quantity has also produced minor side effects, which may arise due to the shortage of bioavailability and gut permeability as well as the greater metabolic rate [ 114 ].…”