Protective effect of Achyranthes bidentata polypeptides on NMDA-mediated injury is developmentally regulated via modulating NR2A and NR2B differentially

Abstract

Background: Achyranthes bidentata polypeptides (ABPPs) are a potent intervention for excitotoxicityrelated disorders such as Parkinson's disease and ischemic stroke. Previous work suggests that overstimulation of N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptors plays a critical role in excitotoxicity, and expression of NR2 subunit variations is developmentally regulated. Our current study focused on neuroprotection of ABPPs on cultured neurons by modulation of NR2A and NR2B differentially.Methods: Primary cultured neurons were treated with NVP-AAM077, Ro-256981, ABPPs, and then the neurons were exposed to NMDA to induce excitotoxicity. Cellular viability was detected promptly and 24hour after exposure to NMDA by MTT assay. Patch-clamp recording was applied to evaluate the effect of ABPPs on NMDA-evoked current and the differential modulation of ABPPs on NR2A and NR2B subunits in conjunction with NVP-AAM077 and Ro-256981.Results: ABPPs (10 µg/mL) blocked neuronal injury by NMDA in mature cultures, and the peptides conferred neuroprotection in immature cultures unless co-applied with NVP-AAM077. Furthermore, ABPPs enhanced NMDA current in mature cultures, while decreasing NMDA current in immature cultures.On the other hand, we showed that ABPPs increased NMDA current when Ro-256981 was present and decreased NMDA current when NVP-AAM007 was present.Conclusions: Neuroprotection of ABPPs on NMDA-mediated injury differentially in immature and mature cultures involves enhancement of NR2A subunits and prevention of NR2B subunits, indicating that dosage of ABPP should be considered in treatment with patients at different developmental stages.

Role of N-Methyl-D-Aspartate Receptor NR2B Subunit in Inflammatory Arthritis-Induced Chronic Pain and Peripheral Sensitized Neuropathic Pain: A Systematic Review

“…43 In CNS diseases, such as stroke, Alzheimer's disease, and epilepsy (Parkinson's disease, PD), among other conditions, the levels of the NR2B subunit have been shown to be significantly increased. [44][45][46]…”

Manual Reduction and Plaster External Fixation for the Treatment of Closed Total Talus Dislocation: Case Report and Literature Review

“…For example, medicines such as Radix Paeoniae Rubra, Rhizoma Chuanxiong, Astragalus membranaceus, Achyranthes Bidentatae and Safflower have definite effects on the repair of nerve injuries. [32][33][34][35] Other research showed that TCM herbs such as Herba Epimedii, Cornu Cervi Degelatinatum, and Radix Notoginseng help to strengthen bone density, improve blood circulation, reduce inflammatory cytokines, and promote bone formation. [36][37][38][39] Conclusions Closed reduction combined with plaster cast immobilization and oral administration of TCM herbs could achieve favorable treatment outcome for talus total dislocation accompanied by medial ankle fracture and posterior tubercle fracture of talus.…”

“…Similarly, many TCMs have been proven to exert nerve repair effects. For example, medicines such as Radix Paeoniae Rubra , Rhizoma Chuanxiong , A stragalus membranaceus , Achyranthes Bidentatae and Safflower have definite effects on the repair of nerve injuries 32–35 . Other research showed that TCM herbs such as Herba Epimedii , Cornu Cervi Degelatinatum , and Radix Notoginseng help to strengthen bone density, improve blood circulation, reduce inflammatory cytokines, and promote bone formation 36–39 …”