Protective Effect of 1-Adamantanamine Hydrochloride on Influenza A2 Infections in the Family Environment

Galbraith, A. W.; Oxford, J. S.; Schild, G. C.; Watson, G. I.

doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(69)90639-4

Cited by 104 publications

(37 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…Amantadine appeared to be highly effective for prophylaxis against influenza A H3N2 virus in a study in a family setting in which the household contacts, but not the index patients, received amantadine (11). In the present study, we did not recover influenza A virus from the rimantadine recipients, whereas five placebo controls did shed influenza A/Leningrad/87-like (H3N2) virus.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 52%

Safety and prophylactic efficacy of low-dose rimantadine in adults during an influenza A epidemic

Brady

Sears

Pacini

et al. 1990

Antimicrob Agents Chemother

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A placebo-controlled, double-blind study to evaluate the safety and prophylactic efficacy of a low dose (100 mg) of rimantadine hydrochloride against naturally occurring influenza in adults was conducted at two sites. After the onset of the influenza season, volunteers (ages, 18 to 55 years) were assigned randomly to receive rimantadine or placebo daily. Subjects were monitored for adverse effects and evidence of influenza virus infection weekly for six weeks. Only 10 (8.7%) of 114 rimantadine recipients and 5 (4.4%) of 114 placebo control recipients reported one or more mild to moderate adverse symptoms, most of which were related to the gastrointestinal or central nervous system. Compared with placebo, low-dose rimantadine was highly effective in the prevention of influenza A virus infection (20 of 110 versus 7 of 112 participants; P < 0.01) and influenza illness (7 of 110 versus of 112 participants; P = 0.04). Influenza A/Leningrad/87-like (H3N2) virus was recovered from the nasopharynxes of only five placebo recipients. These findings indicate that low-dose rimantadine is well tolerated and highly effective for the prevention of influenza A illness in healthy adults.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 52%

Safety and prophylactic efficacy of low-dose rimantadine in adults during an influenza A epidemic

Brady

Sears

Pacini

et al. 1990

Antimicrob Agents Chemother

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“…An infection rate of 54.7 % and an illness rate of 409 % was observed in the Cleveland Family Study (Jordan et al 1958) during the first epidemic caused by Asian influenza virus (H2N2). In studies designed to evaluate amantadine, Galbraith observed a family infection rate of 45.8 % among those given a placebo during an intensive H2N2 epidemic in 1967 (Galbraith et al 1969 a) and 48-5 % during the initial H3N2 epidemic in 1969 (Galbraith et al 1969b). …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Infection with influenza A/Victoria virus in Houston families, 1976

Taber¹,

Paredes

Glezen³

et al. 1981

J. Hyg.

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SUMMARYIn 1976, an epidemic caused by infections with an influenza virus antigenically similar to A/Victoria/75 (H3N2) occurred in Houston, Texas. During this outbreak, 37 families (155 members) enrolled in the Houston Family Study were under observation. The families lived throughout the metropolitan area (Houston, Texas), and were representative of low income groups. The overall frequency of infection in family members was 27 7 %. The frequency of infection was the highest for infants under one year of age and for their older siblings, 14 (37-8 %) of 37 and 17 (33.3 %) of 51, respectively. Eighteen (48.6 %) of the 37 families had at least one infected member. Twelve of the 18 'infected' families had school aged children, whereas only three of the 19 'non-infected' families had school aged children (P < 0-01). These infected families were also larger and had increased household density (persons/rooms). The levels of pre-existing HI antibodies to A/Victoria/75 and A/Port Chalmers/73 were inversely related to frequencies of infection and illness associated with A/Victoria/75 virus. Three children required hospitalization as direct consequence of their infection with this H3N2 influenza virus.

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“…Amantadine and rimantadine have been shown to be effective prophylaxis for naturally occurring influenza A virus infections in children and adults (6)(7)(8)(9)(10). In contrast to vaccines, these drugs have also been found to be therapeutically active in patients with uncomplicated acute illness (6,9,12,15,18,21,23).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Recovery of drug-resistant influenza A virus during therapeutic use of rimantadine

Hayden

Sperber

Belshe

et al. 1991

Antimicrob Agents Chemother

141

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The therapeutic activity of rimantadine and its relationship to the shedding of drug-resistant influenza A virus were assessed in two randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trials involving patients with laboratory-documented influenza A virus (H3N2 subtype) illness of 2 days' duration or less. In a family-based study, rimantadine treatment for 10 days (24 children and adults) was associated with significant decreases in the number of days to a 50% reduction in symptoms (mean difference, 2.5 days), days of fever (1.6 days), and days of restricted activity (1.5 days) compared with the results obtained with placebo-treated patients (32 children and adults). Drug-resistant virus was recovered from eight (33%) of the rimantadine recipients on day 5. No differences in patient demographics or illness severity at the time of enrollment in the study were apparent between those who shed resistant virus and those who did not. Illness resolution tended to be slower in those who shed resistant virus compared with that in those who did not. In a study of adults treated for 5 days (six treated with rimantadine, six treated with placebo), resistant virus was recovered in three rimantadine recipients by day 3 of treatment. The results indicate that drug-resistant influenza A virus (H3N2) can be recovered from rimantadine-treated children and adults as early as 2 days after starting treatment, but that rimantadine retains a net therapeutic benefit compared with that of placebo.

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Protective Effect of 1-Adamantanamine Hydrochloride on Influenza A2 Infections in the Family Environment

Cited by 104 publications

References 6 publications

Safety and prophylactic efficacy of low-dose rimantadine in adults during an influenza A epidemic

Safety and prophylactic efficacy of low-dose rimantadine in adults during an influenza A epidemic

Infection with influenza A/Victoria virus in Houston families, 1976

Recovery of drug-resistant influenza A virus during therapeutic use of rimantadine

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