Protective Behavioral Strategies for Marijuana Scale

Pedersen, Eric R.; Hummer, Justin F.; Rinker, Dipali Venkataraman; Traylor, Zach; Neighbors, Clayton

doi:10.1037/t56101-000

Cited by 5 publications

(19 citation statements)

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“…During the development of the initial version of the PBSM (Pedersen et al, 2016), a preliminary pool of 50 items was tested through an online survey administered to a sample of 210 U.S. undergraduate students (78% women) enrolled in psychology courses, all of whom reported past 6-months marijuana use. A principal component analysis was conducted to provide a final unidimensional measure comprising 39 items with excellent reliability in terms of internal consistency (alpha=.95) and evidence of validity (PBSM scores were negatively associated with marijuana-related consequences and frequency of use and positively associated with alcohol-PBSS scores).…”

Section: Scale (S-pbsc)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The new version was developed with a larger sample (n=2117) that included a more heterogeneous group of students (60% women) from 11 universities spanning a variety of degree subjects across the US. The authors used the initial pool of 50 items produced by Pedersen et al (2016) to conduct both Exploratory and Confirmatory Factor Analyses. This process yielded psychometric support for a unidimensional 36-item measure, retaining three items excluded from the previous PBSM version and excluding six previously retained items.…”

Section: Scale (S-pbsc)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The PBSM (Pedersen et al, 2016; was initially designed for US college students, focusing on cannabis flower consumption (i.e., marijuana) since this is the form typically consumed in the US (Looby et al, 2021). In Spain, however, marijuana and hashish are consumed almost equally, and it is estimated that 89.5% of Spanish pastmonth cannabis users mixed cannabis with tobacco (Observatorio Español de las Drogas y las Adicciones [OEDA], 2022).…”

Section: The Present Studymentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Reduction of Cannabis Use and its Consequences in youths: a Psychosocial and Longitudinal Research from the Theory of Planned Behavior and Protective Strategies (PsicoCann)

Fernández-Calderón

2024

Preprint

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The Protective Behavioral Strategies for Marijuana scale (PBSM) was initially developed using samples of university students in USA. A community sample of Spanish young adults was recruited to provide the Spanish full-length and short versions of the Protective Behavioral Strategies for Cannabis use (S-PBSC; S-PBSC-SF). We followed a rigorous item-selection process to select the most relevant items from the original 50-item pool developed by Pedersen et al. (2016), on the basis of evidence of reliability, evidence of validity according to the internal structure (factor loadings, invariance across genders and university status, and differential item functioning [DIF]), and evidence of validity based on the relationships between S-PBSC scores and cannabis outcomes. Our findings support a 31-item unidimensional measure and a 13-item short form with excellent fit and internal consistency, invariant across genders and college status and free of DIF. Both the S-PBSC and S-PBSC-SF scores were associated with reduced cannabis use and consequences.

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Section: Scale (S-pbsc)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Scale (S-pbsc)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: The Present Studymentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Reduction of Cannabis Use and its Consequences in youths: a Psychosocial and Longitudinal Research from the Theory of Planned Behavior and Protective Strategies (PsicoCann)

Fernández-Calderón

2024

Preprint

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“…Cannabis protective behavioral strategies were assessed using the Protective Behavioral Strategies for Marijuana (PBSM; Pedersen et al, 2016;2017). Two versions of this measure exist, the 50-item version (used in MOST 1 dataset; Pedersen et al, 2016) and the 17-item version (used in MOST 2 and PSST datasets; Pedersen et al, 2017). This scale measures participant's use of behavioral strategies for mitigating the negative impacts of cannabis use.…”

Section: Auxiliary Outcome Variablesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Early Birds and Night Owls: Distinguishing Profiles of Cannabis Use Habits by Use Times with Latent Class Analysis

et al. 2023

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Background: Understanding, predicting, and reducing the harms associated with cannabis use is an important field of study. Timing (i.e., hour of day and day of week) of substance use is an established risk factor of severity of dependence. However, there has been little attention paid to morning use of cannabis and its associations with negative consequences. Objectives: The goal of the present study was to examine whether distinct classifications of cannabis use habits exist based on timing, and whether these classifications differ on cannabis use indicators, motives for using cannabis, use of protective behavioral strategies, and cannabis-related negative outcomes. Methods: Latent class analyses were conducted on four independent samples of college student cannabis users (Project MOST 1, N=2,056; Project MOST 2, N=1846; Project PSST, N=1,971; Project CABS, N=1,122). Results: Results determined that a 5-class solution best fit the data within each independent sample consisting of the classes: (1) "Daily-morning use”, (2) “Daily-non-morning use”, (3) “Weekend-morning use”, (4) “Weekend-night use”, and (5) “Weekend-evening use.” Classes endorsing daily and/or morning use reported greater use, negative consequences and motives, while those endorsing weekend and/or non-morning use reported the most adaptive outcomes (i.e., reduced frequency/quantity of use, fewer consequences experienced, and fewer cannabis use disorder symptoms endorsed). Conclusions: Recreational daily use as well as morning use may be associated with greater negative consequences, and there is evidence that most college students who use cannabis do avoid these types of use. The results of the present study offer evidence that timing of cannabis use may be a pertinent factor in determining harms associated with use.

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“…However, again, little detail was provided on the larger sample from which his (N=100) participants were selected. The remaining studies used student samples recruited from student pools (Bravo et al, 2017;Glodosky & Cuttler, 2019;Lee et al, 2009;Pedersen et al, 2016;Richards et al, 2021) or from among students taking part in the authors' courses (Mostaghim & Hathaway, 2013); or they recruited a sample of adults using a newspaper ad (Hathaway, 2004) and snowball sampling (Shukla, 2006). Across all studies that reported participants' race/ethnicity (Sandberg 2012, and Hathaway, 2004 did not), the samples were on average 76.1% White (range: 57%-87%).…”

Section: Quality Assessmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Understanding Lower-Risk Cannabis Consumption from the Consumers’ Perspective: A Rapid Evidence Assessment

St-Jean

Dowson

Stefaniak

et al. 2022

Substance Use & Misuse

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In the current rapid evidence assessment, we summarize the existing research on lower-risk cannabis consumption as understood by those who consume cannabis. We identified 7111 unique articles published between 1900 and 2021 using search terms related to a) cannabis consumption, b) beliefs and behaviors, and c) positive outcomes. Twelve articles met our inclusion criteria. Three themes emerged that reflect lower-risk cannabis beliefs and behaviors (informed self-regulation, protective behavioral strategies, and the normalization of cannabis consumption) and one theme reflected motivations that undermine lower-risk cannabis consumption (e.g., using cannabis to cope). Results suggest a need for targeted lower-risk cannabis consumption research-research focused on how those who consume cannabis do so in a positive, non-problematic manner. Such research would help to inform policy and practice and, ultimately, help promote lower-risk cannabis consumption strategies.

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Protective Behavioral Strategies for Marijuana Scale

Cited by 5 publications

References 0 publications

The Reduction of Cannabis Use and its Consequences in youths: a Psychosocial and Longitudinal Research from the Theory of Planned Behavior and Protective Strategies (PsicoCann)

The Reduction of Cannabis Use and its Consequences in youths: a Psychosocial and Longitudinal Research from the Theory of Planned Behavior and Protective Strategies (PsicoCann)

Early Birds and Night Owls: Distinguishing Profiles of Cannabis Use Habits by Use Times with Latent Class Analysis

Understanding Lower-Risk Cannabis Consumption from the Consumers’ Perspective: A Rapid Evidence Assessment

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