Protective and/or Therapeutic Effects of Curcumin Nanoparticles on Monosodium Glutamate Induced Cardiotoxicity in Male Albino Rats

Abstract

The flavor enhancer monosodium glutamate (MSG), which is produced from glutamic acid, is frequently used as a food enhancer in processed foods. The usage of MSG as a food additive is still debated. Moreover, curcumin, the main active compound of turmeric extract, has antioxidant, anti-mutagenic, and antimicrobial properties; additionally, it has several pharmacological activities against many chronic diseases, and its conjugation with nanomaterials increases its efficacy. This work studied the protective and therapeutic impacts of curcumin nanoparticles (CUR-NPS) on cardiotoxicity persuaded by MSG. In this work, 40 adult male albino rats were used and divided into five groups (8 rats per group): control, CUR-NPS, MSG, therapeutic, and protective groups. At the end of the treatment period, the rats were sacrificed, and then the biochemical, molecular, and histopathological investigations were performed. The outcomes demonstrated that the curcumin nanoparticles reduced the levels of malondialdehyde (MDA), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), creatine kinase-MB (CK-MB), endothelin-1 (End-1), heart fatty acid binding proteins (HFABP), calcium (Ca +2 ), and DNA damage while elevating the levels of both nitric oxide (NO) and total antioxidant capacity (TAC). Moreover, CUR-NPS improved the histopathological changes in heart tissue.Protective and/or Therapeutic Effects of Curcumin Nanoparticles on Monosodium Glutamate 141 MATERIALS AND METHODS Chemicals:MSG was brought from LOBA Chemie Pvt. Ltd. Co., Mumbai, India; catalog number 6106-04-3; its molecular weight is 187.13 g/mol; purity is 99%. CUR-NPS was brought from NanoTech Egypt for Photo-Electronics, Giza, Egypt. Characterization of CUR-NPS: 1.Transmission Electron Microscope:By using transmission electron microscopy (JEOL, JEM-2100 PLUS) at room temperature and an accelerating voltage of 200 kV, the morphology and average size of CUR-NPS were ascertained. In order to ascertain the form and surface of CUR-NPS, the photos were captured at an adequate magnification. Zeta Potential:Using the Malvern zeta sizer MAL1071664, dynamic light scattering was used to determine the zeta potential of CUR-NPS. Animals:In this study, forty male albino rats (160-180 g) were used. The animals were given ten days to adjust to the laboratory environment. They were kept in stainless steel cages and received food and water daily at a constant temperature of 24±2 °C with a 12-hour light/dark cycle. Experimental procedures were performed according to the institutional animal care instructions of the Faculty of Women for Arts, Science and Education, Ain Shams University (sci1332306004). Experimental Design:Following the adaptation period, the animals were divided into five groups (8 rats per group). The control group received 2 ml of saline for eight weeks. CUR-NPS group; the rats were firstly treated with 2 ml of saline for four weeks, followed by CUR-NPS at a dose of 100 mg/kg/day, according to Boarescu et al.( 2019), dissolved in distilled water, according to Du Preez et al. ( 2019) for another f...