Protective and immunogenic effects of Escherichia coli- expressed infectious pancreatic necrosis virus (IPNV) VP2-VP3 fusion protein in rainbow trout

Bivalent DNA vaccine induces significant immune responses against infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus and infectious pancreatic necrosis virus in rainbow trout

“…Previous IHNV vaccines have been generated with genogroup M and U IHNV isolates 13, 37, 39 . The worldwide IPNV isolates consist of nine serotypes 33 , and IPNV vaccines have been developed with the Spanish IPNV strain Sp 5, 22, 24, 40 , the Norwegian strain NVI015 41 , and the American VR299 strain 16 . There is no report of a vaccine developed from a Chinese IHNV or IPNV strain.…”

“…IHNV and IPNV are widespread in salmonid hatcheries from the Americas to Europe, Asia, and Australia 5, 6 . Fish that survive an IHNV or IPNV infection may become carriers of the virus for long periods and consequently transmit the virus to other susceptible fish or shellfish species 7–9 .…”

“…Although the IHN DNA vaccine provided almost full protection to rainbow trout against IHNV infection, only one DNA vaccine has been commercialized, by the Canadian Food Inspection Agency 14 . Different kinds of IPNV vaccines have been reported for fish, including inactivated vaccines 15 , attenuated vaccines 16 , DNA vaccines 17–22 , and subunit vaccines 23–27 , but protection is not always complete 5, 17, 28 .…”

Immunity induced by recombinant attenuated IHNV (infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus)‐GN438A expresses VP2 gene‐encoded IPNV (infectious pancreatic necrosis virus) against both pathogens in rainbow trout

“…The wild‐type (wt) IHNV HLJ‐09 viral strain (accession number ) was generated in our laboratory and used in this study. Rabbit anti‐IHNV and mouse anti‐IPNV VP2 antibodies were prepared previously in our laboratory as previously described (Dadar et al, ; Wang et al, ). The rabbit anti‐IgM antibody was prepared from healthy New Zealand rabbits as previously described (Wang et al, ).…”

“…The IHNV and the IPNV are widespread in salmonid hatcheries in many countries of the world (Dadar et al, ; Xu et al, ). In general, the IHNV and the IPNV are transmitted horizontally, which was the main mode of transmission for both viruses.…”