Protective Action of Diltiazem Against Cadmium Induced Biochemical Changes in the Brain of Swiss Albino Mice

Yadav, Rekha; Jindal, Archana; Goyal, Pradeep

doi:10.5214/ans.0972.7531.2005.120302

Cited by 8 publications

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“…Cadmium(Cd) is a serious environmental pollutant that is very toxic to humans and animals, even in very small quantities (Singh et al, 2013).This metal is mainly used in agriculture, plastic stabilization, pigments and manufacturing of nickel-Cd batteries (Alaee et al,2014).Cd can be found in certain drinks, fish, meat, milk, eggs, grains as well as in cigarette. Therefore, important sources of Cd intake are via food or cigarette (Yadav et al, 2010).Prolonged exposure to Cd causes toxic effects on cardiovascular, immune/ hematopoietic, skeletal, endocrine and reproductive systems and also kidneys, liver, brain and lungs (Fowler, 2009;Satarug et al, 2010).Cd accumulation causes serious toxic effects in brain (Karoui-Kharrat et al, 2017) as well as other neurological disorders such as hyperactivity, memory loss and learning toughness (Hart et al, 1989;Ciesielski et al,2012;Szkup et al, 2012).Since brain has lower activity in enzymatic defense systems match other organs it is indefensible oxidative stress (Shagirtha et al, 2016). Astaxanthin (3,30-dihydroxy-β, β-carotene-4,40dion) is one of the xanthophyll carotenoids found mostly in microalgae, fungi, complex plants, seafood, flamingos and quails (Hwang et al, 2017).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Kadmiyum ile Oksidatif Strese Maruz Kalan Sıçanların Beyin Dokusunda Astaksantinin Etkisi;Biyokimyasal, Histopatolojik Değerlendirme

Akkoyun

Bengü

Ulucan

et al. 2018

Iğdır Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü Dergisi

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Aim of this study is to evaluate protective impact of Astaxanthin (AST) on rats with experimental brain injury induced with Cadmium (Cd). 32 male Wistar albino rats were divided into four groups as Control, Cadmium, Astaxanthin (AST), Cadmium (Cd)+Astaxanthin (AST). Rat brain tissues were obtained at the end of 30 th day. Malondialdehyde (MDA), glutathione (GSH) levels and superoxide dismutase (SOD) enzyme activities were measured in brain homogenates and histopathological examination was performed. MDA levels were improvement in cadmium administered group (p<0.01) as well as Cd+AST administered group (p<0.05) compared to control group. In addition a substantial reduction Cd+AST group was observed compared to cadmium administered group (p<0.01). GSH level shows a decrease in Cd and Cd+AST groups compared to control (p<0.05). SOD enzyme activity was found significantly lower in Cd and Cd+AST groups compared to control (p<0.01). In addition, increase of SOD in Cd+AST group compared to cadmium group was also found significant (p<0.05). Histopathological findings in the cerebral cortex and hippocampus were different between groups. In the control and AST administered groups, normal histological structure was observed in the brain, while severe lesions were seen in the Cd administered group and in the Cd+AST group only mild degenerative lesions were observed.As a result, elevated MDA level due to Cd administration was attenuated with AST administration. Decreased GSH level and SOD enzyme activity due to Cd administration was increased with AST administration. In addition, AST administration decreased histopathological lesions. Consequently, it is thought that AST may be used for protection against brain oxidative damage due to Cd.Keywords: Astaxanthin, cadmium, oxidative stress.ÖZET: Bu çalışmada, ratlarda kadmiyum (Cd), ile meydana gelen beyin hasarını önlemede astaksantinin (AST), koruyucu etkisinin değerlendirilmesi amaçlandı. 32 adet Winstar albino cinsi rat kontol, Kadmiyum (Cd), Astaksantin (AST), Kadmiyum (Cd)+Astaksantin (AST), olmak üzere dört gruba ayrıldı. 30. Günün sonunda rat beyin dokuları alındı. Beyin doku homojenatında malondialdehit (MDA), Glutatyon (GSH) seviyeleri ve süperoksitdismutaz (SOD) enzim aktivitesi ölçülerek, histopatolojik inceleme yapıldı. Beyin dokusu MDA, düzeyleri değerlendirildiğinde kontrol grubu ile kıyaslandığında Cd uygulaması yapılan grupta (p<0,01) ve yine Cd+AST uygulanan grupta artış (p<0,05) olduğu belirlendi. Cd uygulaması yapılan gruba oranla Cd+AST grubunda görülen azalmanın istatistiksel olarak önemli olduğu belirlenmişdir (p<0,01). GSH düzeyleri değerlendirildiğinde, Cd ve Cd+AST grupları, kontrol grubu ile kıyaslandığında gruplar arasında istatistiksel olarak azalışın olduğu belirlendi (p<0,05). SOD enzim aktivitesi değerlendirildiğinde ise Cd ve Cd+AST gruplarında, kontrol grubuna kıyasla görülen azalışın (p<0,01) istatistiksel olarak önemli olduğu, Cd grubuna oranla, Cd+AST uygulaması yapılan grupta SOD düzeyinde görülen artışın önemli olduğu belirlendi (p<0,05). Hi...

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Kadmiyum ile Oksidatif Strese Maruz Kalan Sıçanların Beyin Dokusunda Astaksantinin Etkisi;Biyokimyasal, Histopatolojik Değerlendirme

Akkoyun

Bengü

Ulucan

et al. 2018

Iğdır Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü Dergisi

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“…Cd has been found also in beverages, fish, meat, milk, eggs, cereals and also present in cigarettes. Therefore, major sources of Cd intake in human beings are food or smoking [ 5 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Histological Study on the Protective Role of Ascorbic Acid on Cadmium Induced Cerebral Cortical Neurotoxicity in Adult Male Albino Rats

Afifi

Embaby

2016

J Microsc Ultrastruct

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Cadmium (Cd) toxicity represents a worldwide problem in environmental contamination and a common cause of occupational and non-occupational neurological diseases. So, this study aimed to evaluate the histological changes induced by Cd on the cerebral cortex of adult rats and evaluating the possible ameliorating role of ascorbic acid (AA). Twenty adult male rats were divided into; control group, AA group (each rat was received a daily oral dose of 200 mg AA/kg body weight (b.w) and Cd group (each rat was received 5 mg Cd/kg b.w orally) and protective group (each rat was given AA concomitantly with Cd at the same dose, route and period of administration of the previous groups. After two months the cerebral cortexes were processed for histological examination. The cerebral cortex of Cd treated animals exhibited severe degenerative changes especially in pyramidal and granule cells. Structural changes in these cells were in the form of dilated rER and Golgi complex, swollen mitochondria and marginated nuclear chromatin. Myelinated nerve fibers displayed myelination disruption and irregular neurofilaments. The neuropil appeared vacuolated with accumulation of neuroglial cells. On the other hand, these changes were ameliorated in rats which received AA concomitantly with Cd. So, it could be concluded that AA can ameliorate the histological changes induced by Cd and this direct the attention to the antioxidants as protective measures for the neurotoxicity.

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“…Wassermann, Wassermann, and Aronovaski (1970) suggested that the decrease in cholesterol level may be related to its enhanced utilization in corticosteroidogenesis and/or its de novo synthesis. Involvement of thyroid hormones has been suggested in cholesterol metabolism and an enhanced breakdown in hyperthyroidism is known to result in hypocholesterolemia (Yadav, Jindal, & Goyal, 2005).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Christopher (1991) stated that this decrease in total proteins may be due to the deleterious effects of Cd which resulted in increased excretion of high molecular weight proteins. Heavy metals also resulted in the death of ribosomes by acting on its membranes and finally causing cellular death, so it may decline the synthesis of proteins (Yadav et al, 2005). Cd has direct toxic effect on brain as it enters the brain parenchyma and neurons that may lead to neuronal alterations (Yuan et al, 2018) by decreasing proteins synthesis.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Protective and therapeutic effects of garlic and tomato on cadmium-induced neuropathology in mice

Vijaya

Kaur

Garg³

et al. 2020

JoBAZ

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Background Heavy metals are natural components of the earth’s crust and are considered as constant environmental pollutants since they cannot be degraded or destroyed easily. Cadmium (Cd) is present primarily in the ores of zinc, copper, or lead; the extraction and processing of which releases large quantities of cadmium into the atmosphere, hydrosphere, and soil thereby contaminating the human environment. The present study aimed to investigate the possible protective and therapeutic effects of garlic and tomato extract on cadmium-induced AChE activity, biochemical parameters along with the pathological changes in the brain tissue of mice. Methods Male Swiss albino mice (n = 40) were divided into several experimental (protective and therapeutic) groups and were given single dose of cadmium (6 mg/kg bw) with supplementation of garlic (100 mg/kg bw) and tomato (50 mg/kg bw) extract for 15 and 30 days under protective and therapeutic study. Results Cadmium-treated mice showed a significant decline in AChE (p < 0.01) level and total proteins (p < 0.0001) but a nonsignificant decrease in glycogen, cholesterol in the brain tissue activity as compared to control group. The histological study also showed degeneration in the form of vacuolation, congestion, hyperemia, lymphocytic infiltration, and edema in the brain (cortex and hippocampus) of Cd-treated mice. But the antioxidant-treated groups showed significant increment in AChE level and other biochemical parameters in the protective study. But there were significant variations in the therapeutic study, and this was also confirmed by the histological analysis of the brain. Both tomato and garlic administration showed more attenuation in the brain AChE activity, and it may be due to the strong antioxidant potential of their constituents. Conclusion We can conclude that cadmium exposure should be avoided as it causes neuropathological effects. But in daily life, it may not be possible, so we should regularly intake natural antioxidants which may neutralize the effects of heavy metals to some extent.

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Protective Action of Diltiazem Against Cadmium Induced Biochemical Changes in the Brain of Swiss Albino Mice

Cited by 8 publications

References 0 publications

Kadmiyum ile Oksidatif Strese Maruz Kalan Sıçanların Beyin Dokusunda Astaksantinin Etkisi;Biyokimyasal, Histopatolojik Değerlendirme

Kadmiyum ile Oksidatif Strese Maruz Kalan Sıçanların Beyin Dokusunda Astaksantinin Etkisi;Biyokimyasal, Histopatolojik Değerlendirme

Histological Study on the Protective Role of Ascorbic Acid on Cadmium Induced Cerebral Cortical Neurotoxicity in Adult Male Albino Rats

Protective and therapeutic effects of garlic and tomato on cadmium-induced neuropathology in mice

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