Protection schemes using resistive‐type superconducting fault current limiters with mechanical DC circuit breakers in MMC‐MTDC grids

Xiang, Bin; Luo, Jinyong; Gao, Lei; Wang, Jianhua; Geng, Yingsan; Ding, Tao

doi:10.1049/iet-gtd.2019.1546

Cited by 16 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…Even though the mechanical switch takes significant longer time to interrupt the fault current, as compared with the power electronics, the SFCL could respond to the fault current within hundreds of microseconds automatically. With the aid of R-SFCL, the long clear time of mechanical switches can be compensated and the performance of their cooperation has been proven to be promising [15] [16]. With the proper design of SFCL, the fault current can be limited to several kA, and it can be well handled by the LN2 switch.…”

Section: Feasibility Of Combining R-sfcl With Ln2 Switch Inmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Arc Chute on DC Current Interruption by Liquid Nitrogen in HTS Electrical System of Distributed Propulsion Aircraft

Xiang

Song

et al. 2021

IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond.

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The distributed propulsion aircraft with HTS electrical system is a novel concept for future airliners, which can reduce by more than 70% fuel burn and NOx emissions. The circuit breakers ensure the security of this novel aircraft by isolating electrical faults timely. Solid-state circuit breakers (SSCBs) are preferred due to their fast response and high performance in the cryogenic circumstance. However, the high conduction loss of SSCBs impedes their further application. A mechanical switch using liquid nitrogen (LN2) as an arc extinguishing medium shows excellent DC current interruption performance. The LN2 switch is characterized with extremely low contact resistance, and the proper use may reduce the conduction loss of power switches significantly. Nevertheless, the effect of metal type arc chutes on the arcing process in the LN2 is still not clear. Thus the objective of this paper is to understand the effect of metal type arc chutes on the current interruption performance of LN2. Silicon iron arc chutes are employed. Neodymium (NdFeB) magnets are used to stretch the arc into the arc chutes. The maximum interrupting current is 1 kV/ 2 kA when only magnets are applied. Further applying the arc chutes leads to a significant drop in the arc voltage and interruption performance. Since the high relative permeability of silicon iron weakens the magnetic field acting on the arc, metal type arc chutes are not recommended. 1 kV / 10 kA fault current is successfully cleared by the combination of resistance type superconducting fault current limiter (R-SFCL) and LN2 switch with magnets, during which the R-SFCL responds to the fault within 420 μs, compensating the long clear time of the LN2 switch.

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Section: Feasibility Of Combining R-sfcl With Ln2 Switch Inmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Arc Chute on DC Current Interruption by Liquid Nitrogen in HTS Electrical System of Distributed Propulsion Aircraft

Xiang

Song

et al. 2021

IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond.

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“…Currently, the SFCLs have been developed in the laboratories, and then some large-scale SFCL projects have even reached the real industry with advantages of protecting the power system over the conventional protection devices. With decades of development worldwide, the voltage level of SFCL prototypes has increased from 10 kV to 100 kV or above [18][19][20][21], and the current level has also gone up to several kA, which means SFCLs are able to protect the power systems with a wide range of power rates [6,22].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Superconducting fault current limiter (SFCL) for a power electronic circuit: experiment and numerical modelling

Chen

Gou

Chen

et al. 2022

Supercond. Sci. Technol.

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In this article, the superconducting fault current limiter (SFCL) explores its relatively new application: the power electronic circuit. The investigations of this compact-size SFCL involve both the experiment and numerical modelling. A bifilar-shape resistive-type SFCL was used in a DC-DC power conversion circuit, for the purpose of suppressing the overwhelming fault current by 3 different types of faults: the input fault, output fault, and switch fault. The numerical modelling of SFCL used an electromagnetic-thermal coupled FEM model based on the H formulation. For these 3 types of faults with the 100 ms fault duration, good agreements were found between the experiments and simulations. Both the experiment and modelling method were used to test the SFCL performance with different fault durations (50 ms vs 100 ms). For some severe fault conditions (e.g., higher fault current and longer fault duration) that experiments were difficult or unable to realise, the FEM modelling of SFCL was used to simulate the performance. Overall, the FEM modelling of SFCL can well match the SFCL experiment, and has the superiors of showing more information such as the current distribution and temperature. Both the SFCL experiment and numerical modelling offer new results and novel concepts of SFCL investigation, which can be helpful for the designs of future SFCLs and the compact protection schemes for power electronic devices.

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“…DC transmission technology based on modular multi-level converter (MMC) has broad application prospects in areas such as renewable energy power transmission and connection with weak alternating current (AC) power grid [1][2][3]. However, fault develops very fast in flexible DC power grid, which will endanger the whole power grid within a few milliseconds, and seriously affect the operational safety and stability of DC power grid [4][5][6]. Therefore, fast and selective line protection scheme has become a key technology in ensuring the safe and reliable operation of DC power grid [7,8].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A new pilot protection scheme for modular multi‐level converter‐based HVDC system based on voltage matching factor

Xiao

et al. 2022

IET Generation Trans & Dist

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Concerning the incorrect operation of line protection in modular multi-level converterbased multi-terminal DC system, a pilot protection method based on voltage matching factor is proposed. First, the dynamic switching process of flexible DC converter submodule is analyzed, and the expression of DC voltage of converter station considering the influence of alternating current (AC) system is derived. On this basis, the model of DC line voltage considering the influence of AC injection current is built, and the equivalent DC line voltage is calculated according to the voltage model. Then, by constructing the distortion factor which reflects the difference between the equivalent DC line voltage and actual DC line voltage, the protection criterion for the identification of internal and external faults is established. Finally, simulation tests on real time laboratory (RT-LAB) platform verify that the proposed scheme can correctly distinguish between internal and external faults in different fault cases, with fast operation speed and strong immunity to the fault resistance.

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Protection schemes using resistive‐type superconducting fault current limiters with mechanical DC circuit breakers in MMC‐MTDC grids

Cited by 16 publications

References 38 publications

Effect of Arc Chute on DC Current Interruption by Liquid Nitrogen in HTS Electrical System of Distributed Propulsion Aircraft

Effect of Arc Chute on DC Current Interruption by Liquid Nitrogen in HTS Electrical System of Distributed Propulsion Aircraft

Superconducting fault current limiter (SFCL) for a power electronic circuit: experiment and numerical modelling

A new pilot protection scheme for modular multi‐level converter‐based HVDC system based on voltage matching factor

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