Protection of skin biological targets by different types of sunscreens

Fourtanier, Anny; Bernerd, Françoise; Bouillon, Claude; Marrot, Laurent; Moyal, Dominique; Seité, Sophie

doi:10.1111/j.1600-0781.2006.00188.x

Cited by 55 publications

(47 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…The main cause of AK lesions is exposure to solar irradiation (14). UV irradiation acts both as direct damage in DNA and reducing the patient's ability to repair damaged DNA in the skin cells.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cutaneous Human Papillomaviruses as Recurrence Factor in Actinic Keratoses

Dianzani

Pierangeli

Chiricozzi

et al. 2008

Int J Immunopathol Pharmacol

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Actinic keratoses (AK) are common, premalignant lesions cause mainly by UV DNA damage. Progression into squamous cell carcinoma may be influenced by other several factors such as chronic chemical exposure or viral infection. A carcinogenic role of Human Papillomaviruses (HPV) in early steps of skin tumour development was recently hypothesized; moreover the presence of HPV DNA seems to be higher in cancer precursor lesions. The aim of this work is to identify the presence of HPV DNA in biopsies from Actinic Keratoses (AK) and from normal skin samples collected from dermatological healthy subjects in Italy, in order to evaluate the severity and the clinical evolution of the HPV positive lesions. The DNA test revealed 37% HPV positivity in AK patients versus 0% in the control group; many different genotypes and variants were identified by direct sequencing of peR product. The HPV positive AK were usually clinically indistinguishable from the HPV negative. All AK lesions were removed by laser treatment, but AK lesions recurred in all HPV positive patients after a period of 45-60 days whereas the same disappeared in the HPV negative ones. These data permit to hypothesize that the presence of HPV DNA could be an aggravating factor for AK lesion severity and recurrence.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cutaneous Human Papillomaviruses as Recurrence Factor in Actinic Keratoses

Dianzani

Pierangeli

Chiricozzi

et al. 2008

Int J Immunopathol Pharmacol

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“…Although the sunlight-induced skin damage has been attributed mainly to the UVB rays (290-320 nm), more recently the important contribution of UVA wavelengths (320-400 nm) has been well documented (5,6). Therefore, sunscreen products should provide an effective protection throughout the whole UV range (290-400 nm) of sun radiation reaching the Earth's surface (3,6).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Therefore, sunscreen products should provide an effective protection throughout the whole UV range (290-400 nm) of sun radiation reaching the Earth's surface (3,6). In order to achieve these characteristics, combinations of several UVB and UVA filters are introduced in the formulation of sunscreening preparations (4,7,8).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Incorporation in Lipid Microparticles of the UVA Filter, Butyl Methoxydibenzoylmethane Combined with the UVB Filter, Octocrylene: Effect on Photostability

Scalia

Mezzena

2009

AAPS PharmSciTech

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Abstract. The aim of this study was to reduce the photoinstability of butyl methoxydibenzoylmethane (BMDBM), the most widely used UVA filter, by incorporating it in lipid microparticles (LMs) alone or together with the UVB filter octocrylene (OCR), acting also as photostabilizer. Microparticles loaded with BMDBM or with combined BMDBM and OCR were produced by the hot emulsion technique, using glyceryl behenate as lipid material and poloxamer 188 as surfactant. The LMs were characterized by release studies, scanning electron microscopy, and powder X-ray diffractometry. The BMDBM and OCR loading was 15.2% and 10.6%, respectively. In order to reproduce the conditions prevalent in commercial sunscreen products, the photoprotective efficacy of the LMs was evaluated after their introduction in a model cream (oil-in-water emulsion) containing a mixture of UVA and UVB filters. A small but statistically significant decrease in BMDBM photodegradation was obtained when the UVA filter was encapsulated alone into the LMs (the extent of degradation was 28.6% ±2.4 for nonencapsulated BMDBM and 26.0% ±2.5 for BMDBM-loaded microparticles). On the other hand, the coloading of OCR in the LMs produced a more marked reduction in the light-induced decomposition of microencapsulated BMDBM (the UVA filter loss was 21.5% ±2.2). Therefore, incorporation in lipid microparticles of BMDBM together with the sunscreen OCR is more effective in enhancing the UVA filter photostability than LMs loaded with BMDBM alone.

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“…Earlier sunscreens filtered mostly the high-energy UVB wavelengths (290-320 nm), but more recent broad-spectrum products can effectively absorb the longer UVA wavelengths (320-400 nm) as well (1)(2)(3). Acute UVB exposure is responsible for erythema (redness of the skin) and sunburn, but both UVA and UVB are responsible for suppression of skin immunity and for skin carcinogenesis in the long term so that broad-spectrum sunscreen use is required for skin cancer prevention (2)(3)(4).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Point: Sunscreen Use Is a Safe and Effective Approach to Skin Cancer Prevention

Green

Williams

2007

Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers &Amp; Prevention

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Sunscreens are an adjunct to clothing and other physical means of solar UV radiation protection. Earlier sunscreens filtered mostly the high-energy UVB wavelengths (290-320 nm), but more recent broad-spectrum products can effectively absorb the longer UVA wavelengths (320-400 nm) as well (1-3). Acute UVB exposure is responsible for erythema (redness of the skin) and sunburn, but both UVA and UVB are responsible for suppression of skin immunity and for skin carcinogenesis in the long term so that broad-spectrum sunscreen use is required for skin cancer prevention (2-4).The sun protection factor is the measure of protection of a sunscreen (weighted for UVB wavelengths) when it is applied uniformly to the skin at a thickness of 2 mg/cm 2 . The sun protection factor is a ratio of the protected to unprotected minimal erythemal dose and is nonlinear, such that sun protection factors SPF-15 and SPF-45 sunscreens filter 93% and 98% of UVB radiation, respectively (5). In a recent review of the safety of current UV filters and sunscreen products, Nash (6) pointed out that nearly all UV filters in currently marketed sunscreens have been evaluated for safety and efficacy in some capacity. Indeed most concerns about safety, such as photoactivation of sunscreen components, endocrine disruption, vitamin D deficiency, or increased risk of melanoma among sunscreen users remain unsupported by human evidence and more often relate to the way sunscreens are used than to concerns about their chemical components or spectral coverage (2, 6-9). For instance, sunscreens can be used by sunbathers as a means to intentionally increase their sun exposure (10), thus removing the context for standard safety assurance (as with the ''misuse'' of any product).To properly evaluate long-term sunscreen effectiveness in humans, evidence from randomized controlled trials is required, principally because observational studies of sunscreen use and skin cancer suffer from intractable confounding: the determinants of sunscreen use and of skin cancer, e.g., susceptibility to sunburn, high sun exposure (occupational/recreational), past history of skin cancer, are inseparable. Case control studies also lack the ability to relate timing of past sunscreen use to the development of skin cancers, whether melanoma, basal cell carcinoma (BCC), or squamous cell carcinomas. Moreover, sunscreens used by adults in 20th century observational studies have been superseded many times over so results of such studies will be largely irrelevant to 21st century skin cancer experiences (11). Likely, heterogeneity in the causal pathways of melanoma (12) and BCC (13) and the importance of childhood versus adult sun exposure in their development (14, 15) may further obscure observed relationships between these skin cancers and sunscreen use.Thus, the strongest available evidence that sunscreen use is a safe and effective approach to prevention of skin cancer comes from the results of a 4.5-year community-based randomized controlled trial among 1,621 adult residents of Nambour, a ...

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Protection of skin biological targets by different types of sunscreens

Cited by 55 publications

References 37 publications

Cutaneous Human Papillomaviruses as Recurrence Factor in Actinic Keratoses

Cutaneous Human Papillomaviruses as Recurrence Factor in Actinic Keratoses

Incorporation in Lipid Microparticles of the UVA Filter, Butyl Methoxydibenzoylmethane Combined with the UVB Filter, Octocrylene: Effect on Photostability

Point: Sunscreen Use Is a Safe and Effective Approach to Skin Cancer Prevention

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