Abstract:Ozone is a very powerful chemical disinfectant which is able to oxidize organic and inorganic compounds, as well as killing microorganisms. The high oxidizing power is due to the weak bonds of the third oxygen atom causing instability of the ozone molecule. Ozone decomposes rapidly and thus does not provide a residual disinfection effect and has to be generated on-demand at the site of application. Ozone is a stronger oxidant than chlorine, with a higher redox potential (WHO, 2000). In aqueous solution, ozone … Show more
“…shower before swimming) and health status of the swimmers can greatly affect the water quality of the swimming pools [ 3 , 7 , 34 ]. Human skin infections have dramatically increased in recent years and one of the reasons is the rise in recreational facilities and frequent contact among people polluted indoor water environments [ 35 , 36 ]. Fungal skin infection is found worldwide, irrespective of age or sex.…”
Summary
Introduction
Considering the existence of both parasitic and fungal pathogens in the indoor public swimming pools and non-utilization of suitable filtration and disinfection systems in these places, this research aimed to determine the relationship between the indoor public swimming pools and possible pollution with parasitic and fungal agents, as well as physical and chemical characteristics of these pools and compare the results with national standards.
Methods
In this study, 11 active indoor swimming pools of Zahedan city were sampled, using plastic pump techniques, from the middle of winter to the late summer season. A total of 88 water samples (eight water samples from each pool) were examined to determine the residual chlorine, contamination with parasitic and fungal agents, using culture media and slide culture techniques. Results were analyzed with SPSS software (V16) and, Microsoft Excel (V2010).
Results
The findings revealed fungal contamination with Cladosporium, Penicillium, Aspergillus flavus and Aspergillus fumigatus, etc. and the physicochemical factors comply with the minimum standards, which indicates the need for continuous monitoring and control of water filtration and disinfection of water in the pools.
Conclusion
The results show reasonable derangement of physicochemical and microbial factors of the evaluated pools. Efforts shall be made by the concerned authorities to provide health education to users, quality water at the pools and to maintain the safety and quality of the water through proper and adequate chlorination.
“…shower before swimming) and health status of the swimmers can greatly affect the water quality of the swimming pools [ 3 , 7 , 34 ]. Human skin infections have dramatically increased in recent years and one of the reasons is the rise in recreational facilities and frequent contact among people polluted indoor water environments [ 35 , 36 ]. Fungal skin infection is found worldwide, irrespective of age or sex.…”
Summary
Introduction
Considering the existence of both parasitic and fungal pathogens in the indoor public swimming pools and non-utilization of suitable filtration and disinfection systems in these places, this research aimed to determine the relationship between the indoor public swimming pools and possible pollution with parasitic and fungal agents, as well as physical and chemical characteristics of these pools and compare the results with national standards.
Methods
In this study, 11 active indoor swimming pools of Zahedan city were sampled, using plastic pump techniques, from the middle of winter to the late summer season. A total of 88 water samples (eight water samples from each pool) were examined to determine the residual chlorine, contamination with parasitic and fungal agents, using culture media and slide culture techniques. Results were analyzed with SPSS software (V16) and, Microsoft Excel (V2010).
Results
The findings revealed fungal contamination with Cladosporium, Penicillium, Aspergillus flavus and Aspergillus fumigatus, etc. and the physicochemical factors comply with the minimum standards, which indicates the need for continuous monitoring and control of water filtration and disinfection of water in the pools.
Conclusion
The results show reasonable derangement of physicochemical and microbial factors of the evaluated pools. Efforts shall be made by the concerned authorities to provide health education to users, quality water at the pools and to maintain the safety and quality of the water through proper and adequate chlorination.
“…Ketidak seimbangan pemenuhan antara asupan kebutuhan dan energi yang dikeluarkan secara spesifik merupakan penyebab Kekurangan Energi Kronis (Ekowati, 2019).…”
Anemia during pregnancy hurts both mother and baby. The research objective was to analyze the relationship between anemia and chronic energy deficiency in pregnant women with the incidence of new birth weight. This study used a cross-sectional research design. The population in this study were the third-trimester pregnant women in the working area of Ngadiluwih Public Health Center, Kediri Regency. The sample in this study was 52 respondents. The sampling technique used was total sampling. The results of the chi-square test showed the relationship between anemia and weight of newborns had a p-value of 0.001. It shows that there is a correlation between anemia in pregnant women and the incidence of newborn body weight with PR 21.5, which means that mothers who experience anemia during pregnancy have a 21.5 times greater risk of giving birth to babies with low birth weight than mothers who are not anemic. The association of chronic energy deficiency with newborn body weight has a p-value of 0.000. It shows that there is a relationship between chronic energy deficiency and newborn weight with PR 15.6, which means that mothers who experience chronic energy deficiency have a 15.6 times greater risk of giving birth to western babies with low birth weight than mothers who do not experience chronic energy deficiency. During pregnancy, pregnant women consume foods that contain iron and iron supplements.
Ensuring drinking water quality is a key factor for public health and it is especially important given the increase in industrialization. Its quality is ensured by a water treatment process that includes a disinfection stage, mainly involving chlorination. However, by applying this disinfection method, unwanted disinfection byproducts (DBPs) are formed. These compounds have, in general, a negative impact on human health. Following this, the development of stricter regulations for drinking water quality standards has been conducted worldwide. Several techniques for the removal of DBPs have already been developed to prevent DBP formation or to reduce DBPs formed during disinfection. Nevertheless, controlling the water distribution systems after drinking water treatment is still important, since DBPs can reoccur along the distribution network. To achieve this, further research should be developed to efficiently monitor and allow the performance of the necessary actions to detect and control these contaminants throughout the water distribution system. Additionally, the most suitable places for sensing along the distribution system must be further assessed.
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