Protection of Polyphenols against Glyco-Oxidative Stress: Involvement of Glyoxalase Pathway

Cianfruglia, Laura; Morresi, Camilla; Bacchetti, Tiziana; Ferretti, Gianna

doi:10.3390/antiox9101006

Cited by 18 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 70 publications

(81 reference statements)

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“…There are studies that reported the GLO I activity to be high in skeletal muscle ( 27) but low in liver (28) in DOI: 10.37990/medr.983276 diabetic rats. GLO II activity was similarly discovered to be normal in the tissues of small intestine (29) and high in skeletal muscle (30) but low in kidney (31) and liver (32). Both GLO I and GLO II activities were found to be reduced in the liver tissue of diabetic rats in this study, which is consistent with some of the current literature.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 91%

Streptozotosin Diyabeti Oluşturulan Ratlarda Protein Oksidasyonunun Değerlendirilmesi

2021

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Aim: Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a chronic disorder and characterized by the development of long-term complications. Methylglyoxal (MGO), a precursor of advanced glycation endproducts (AGE), is detoxified in the organism by Glyoxalase through Glyoxalese I (GLO I) and GLO II.This study was aimed to investigate AGE formation in a diabetic rat model induced by streptozotocin (STZ) and the possible role of melatonin MEL which is a powerful antioxidant in this mechanism. Materials and Methods:Four study groups, each containing ten Sprague Dawley rats, were defined as control, MEL, STZ and STZ-MEL. STZ and STZ-MEL groups were given a single 50 mg/kg dose of STZ to induce diabetes. MEL, 25 mg/kg was given intraperitoneally to MEL and STZ-MEL groups on a daily basis for 42 days. At the end of study, the levels of MGO, GLO I and GLO II enzymes were also determined in only tissue samples. Results: Blood and urine glucose levels were found to be high in rats (p<0.05). STZ group had been shown to have higher tissue MGO levels and lower GLO I and GLO II activities (p<0.05). MEL treatment had suppressed high levels of MGO and increased enzymatic activities in STZ-MEL group. Conclusion:In this study, we have shown that reducing MGO tissue levels in chronic diabetes to almost normal level and that the GLO system suppressed in diabetic rats are preserved with MEL,GLO I and GLO II activities increased. It has been shown that STZ induced diabetic rats had high MGO levels and the supression of GLO detoxification system indicates that AGE formation in diabetes is inevitable. Therefore, the usage of antioxidants such as MEL may be suggested to prevent diabetic complications.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 91%

Streptozotosin Diyabeti Oluşturulan Ratlarda Protein Oksidasyonunun Değerlendirilmesi

2021

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“…Overall, these results are in agreement with our previous studies that described an in vitro role of POE against glucose-induced glycation of human serum albumin [ 5 ]. Moreover, other studies have demonstrated the ability of polyphenols to exert a protective effect against oxidative stress and formation of AGEs in Caco-2 cells [ 14 ]. In addition, previous studies have reported that some phenolic compounds exert a protective effect against oxidative stress, either by reducing ROS production during the glycation process or by trapping of dicarbonyl species [ 35 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A first UPLC characterization analysis showed that POE consists of 88% phenolic compounds, mostly represented by D-(+)-catechin, and less by gallic acid, ferulic acid, (−)-epicatechin, and chlorogenic acid [8] (Figure 1). Among the biological properties of dietary polyphenols, growing attention has been devoted to their ability to modulate post-prandial increases in glucose levels and to modulate intestinal integrity and oxidative damage [9][10][11][12][13][14]. In fact, high post-prandial plasma glucose concentrations are associated with an increased risk of developing type 2 diabetes (T2D) and metabolic syndrome [15].…”

Section: Of 14mentioning

confidence: 99%

Glucose Uptake and Oxidative Stress in Caco-2 Cells: Health Benefits from Posidonia oceanica (L.) Delile

et al. 2022

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Posidonia oceanica (L.) Delile is an endemic Mediterranean marine plant of extreme ecological importance. Previous in vitro and in vivo studies have demonstrated the potential antidiabetic properties of P. oceanica leaf extract. Intestinal glucose transporters play a key role in glucose homeostasis and represent novel targets for the management of diabetes. In this study, the ability of a hydroalcoholic P. oceanica leaf extract (POE) to modulate intestinal glucose transporters was investigated using Caco-2 cells as a model of an intestinal barrier. The incubation of cells with POE significantly decreased glucose uptake by decreasing the GLUT2 glucose transporter levels. Moreover, POE had a positive effect on the barrier integrity by increasing the Zonulin-1 levels. A protective effect exerted by POE against oxidative stress induced by chronic exposure to high glucose concentrations or tert-butyl hydroperoxide was also demonstrated. This study highlights for the first time the effect of POE on glucose transport, intestinal barrier integrity, and its protective antioxidant effect in Caco-2 cells. These findings suggest that the P. oceanica phytocomplex may have a positive impact by preventing the intestinal cell dysfunction involved in the development of inflammation-related disease associated with oxidative stress.

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“…Thus, a moderate MGO level increase under OxeS conditions could account to the coordination of cell metabolism with gene expression. It has been recently proposed that S-glutathionylation and MGO-mediated glycation, which can both modulate the activity and stability of proteins involved in cellular homeostasis and adaptive stress responses, may act simultaneously and synergistically [ 45 , 62 ]. Both mechanisms have been shown to occur in cellular models and surgical samples of cerebral cavernous malformations, being affected by KRIT1 loss-of-function and influenced by the impairment of cellular redox homeostasis ([ 45 , 63 ] and refs therein), confirming their connection.…”

Section: S-glutathionylation and Oxidative Stressmentioning

confidence: 99%

Interplay among Oxidative Stress, Methylglyoxal Pathway and S-Glutathionylation

et al. 2020

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Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are produced constantly inside the cells as a consequence of nutrient catabolism. The balance between ROS production and elimination allows to maintain cell redox homeostasis and biological functions, avoiding the occurrence of oxidative distress causing irreversible oxidative damages. A fundamental player in this fine balance is reduced glutathione (GSH), required for the scavenging of ROS as well as of the reactive 2-oxoaldehydes methylglyoxal (MGO). MGO is a cytotoxic compound formed constitutively as byproduct of nutrient catabolism, and in particular of glycolysis, detoxified in a GSH-dependent manner by the glyoxalase pathway consisting in glyoxalase I and glyoxalase II reactions. A physiological increase in ROS production (oxidative eustress, OxeS) is promptly signaled by the decrease of cellular GSH/GSSG ratio which can induce the reversible S-glutathionylation of key proteins aimed at restoring the redox balance. An increase in MGO level also occurs under oxidative stress (OxS) conditions probably due to several events among which the decrease in GSH level and/or the bottleneck of glycolysis caused by the reversible S-glutathionylation and inhibition of glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase. In the present review, it is shown how MGO can play a role as a stress signaling molecule in response to OxeS, contributing to the coordination of cell metabolism with gene expression by the glycation of specific proteins. Moreover, it is highlighted how the products of MGO metabolism, S-D-lactoylglutathione (SLG) and D-lactate, which can be taken up and metabolized by mitochondria, could play important roles in cell response to OxS, contributing to cytosol-mitochondria crosstalk, cytosolic and mitochondrial GSH pools, energy production, and the restoration of the GSH/GSSG ratio. The role for SLG and glyoxalase II in the regulation of protein function through S-glutathionylation under OxS conditions is also discussed. Overall, the data reported here stress the need for further studies aimed at understanding what role the evolutionary-conserved MGO formation and metabolism can play in cell signaling and response to OxS conditions, the aberration of which may importantly contribute to the pathogenesis of diseases associated to elevated OxS.

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Protection of Polyphenols against Glyco-Oxidative Stress: Involvement of Glyoxalase Pathway

Cited by 18 publications

References 70 publications

Streptozotosin Diyabeti Oluşturulan Ratlarda Protein Oksidasyonunun Değerlendirilmesi

Streptozotosin Diyabeti Oluşturulan Ratlarda Protein Oksidasyonunun Değerlendirilmesi

Glucose Uptake and Oxidative Stress in Caco-2 Cells: Health Benefits from Posidonia oceanica (L.) Delile

Interplay among Oxidative Stress, Methylglyoxal Pathway and S-Glutathionylation

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