Protection of gnotobiotic pigs against Salmonella enterica serotype Typhimurium by rough mutant of the same serotype is accompanied by the change of local and systemic cytokine response

Šplı́chal, Igor; Trebichavský, I; Šplı́chalová, Alla; Barrow, Paul

doi:10.1016/j.vetimm.2004.09.001

Cited by 23 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…Our results also indicated that aro mutants might be even safer than rough mutants due to their usually higher sensitivity to the antimicrobials tested. This is also supported by observations in gnotobiotic pigs in which rough mutants caused limited damage that led to an induction of an inflammatory immune response, whereas the aroA mutant was so attenuated that it even did not induce any proinflammatory cytokine response (27,33).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 76%

aro Mutations in Salmonella enterica Cause Defects in Cell Wall and Outer Membrane Integrity

et al. 2008

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In this study we characterized aro mutants of Salmonella enterica serovars Enteritidis and Typhimurium, which are frequently used as live oral vaccines. We found that the aroA, aroD, and aroC mutants were sensitive to blood serum, albumen, EDTA, and ovotransferrin, and this defect could be complemented by an appropriate aro gene cloned in a plasmid. Subsequent microarray analysis of gene expression in the aroD mutant in serovar Typhimurium indicated that the reason for this sensitivity might be the upregulation of murA. To confirm this, we artificially overexpressed murA from a multicopy plasmid, and this overexpression caused sensitivity of the strain to albumen and EDTA but not to serum and ovotransferrin. We concluded that attenuation of aro mutants is caused not only by their inability to synthesize aromatic metabolites but also by their defect in cell wall and outer membrane functions associated with decreased resistance to components of innate immune response.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 76%

aro Mutations in Salmonella enterica Cause Defects in Cell Wall and Outer Membrane Integrity

et al. 2008

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“…Contrary to mice, pigs infected with the serotype Typhimurium develop enteric disease that parallels the disease in man. Thus, gnotobiotic pigs represent a unique experimental model for studies of potential oral live Salmonella vaccines (Splichal et al, 2002(Splichal et al, , 2005.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The most evident difference was in the induction of IFN-g. It is generally accepted that IFN-g and its inducers are needed for activation of macrophages leading to the elimination of Salmonella (Eckmann and Kagnoff, 2001) and protection against subsequent infection (Foster et al, 2003;Splichal et al, 2005). The size of IFN-g response in gnotobiotic pigs in immediate response to Salmonella infection is rather confusing.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Metabolically active Salmonella bacteria suppress the respiratory burst activity also in vitro (Donne et al, 2005). Interestingly, earlier we have shown that rough mutants were also attenuated for germ-free pigs (Bals and Wilson, 2003;Splichal et al, 2005) and for the different rough mutants it has been experimentally shown that these are disabled in invasion to the tissue culture cells and are also sensitive to complement killing (Kim, 2003;Nagy et al, 2006;Shaio and Rowland, 1985;Tomas et al, 1988).…”

Section: Article In Pressmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Gnotobiotic pigs represent a very sensitive model for the assessment of S. Typhimurium virulence and also an interesting model of immunologically immature and/or immunocompromised host. We have earlier shown that aroA and rough mutants of S. Typhimurium are attenuated for germ-free pigs but only the rough mutants were capable of inducing the innate immune response which protected the animals from subsequent challenge by the wild type strain (Trebichavsky et al, 2006;Splichal et al, 2005). In this study we were therefore interested in the outcome of oral infection with protease mutants of S. Typhimurium in gnotobiotic pigs, i.e.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Susceptibility of germ-free pigs to challenge with protease mutants of Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium

et al. 2007

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Effects of Microbiota on GI Health: Gnotobiotic Research

Wagner

Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology

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The complex interactions between the GI tract microbiota and the immune system can be simplified for study using gnotobiotic animal models. The importance of cytokines, such as IFN-gamma, TNF-alpha, TGF-beta, Interleukin-2, IL-4 and IL-10 in the host response to intestinal bacteria has been evaluated using gnotobiotic studies. Gnotobiotic experiments with immunodeficient animals have revealed insights into the relationships between innate, cell-mediated and antibody-mediated immune system components in resistance to infectious microorganisms. The development and maturation of the immune system is dependent on the presence of some members of the intestinal microbiota. The commensal microorganisms, in turn, are dependent on the environment and nutrients provided by the GI tract of the host. Gnotobiotic studies are starting to reveal how the microbiota influences oral tolerance to dietary and commensal bacterial antigens. The immunomodulatory effects of microbiota and probiotics for inflammatory bowel diseases and the role of bacteria in their etiologies are being studied in gnotobiotic systems. Many aspects of the host interaction with the microbiota have been and will continue to be best addressed in gnotobiotic experimental models. This chapter reviews the contributions that gnotobiology has made to our understanding of the microbiota and host GI tract health.

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Protection of gnotobiotic pigs against Salmonella enterica serotype Typhimurium by rough mutant of the same serotype is accompanied by the change of local and systemic cytokine response

Cited by 23 publications

References 19 publications

aro Mutations in Salmonella enterica Cause Defects in Cell Wall and Outer Membrane Integrity

aro Mutations in Salmonella enterica Cause Defects in Cell Wall and Outer Membrane Integrity

Susceptibility of germ-free pigs to challenge with protease mutants of Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium

Effects of Microbiota on GI Health: Gnotobiotic Research

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