Protection of Eurasian badgers (Meles meles) from tuberculosis after intra-muscular vaccination with different doses of BCG

Lesellier, Sandrine; Palmer, Si; Gowtage-Sequiera, Sonya; Ashford, Roland T.; Dalley, Deanna; Davé, Dipesh; Weyer, Ute; Salguero, Francisco J.; Núñez, Alejandro; Crawshaw, T. R.; Corner, L. A.; Hewinson, R. Glyn; Chambers, Mark A.

doi:10.1016/j.vaccine.2011.03.028

Cited by 56 publications

(62 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…These results are in general agreement with the protection seen in two earlier assessments of oral BCG in the same lipid matrix (Corner et al, 2010; Murphy et al, 2014) where the impact on bacterial load was minimal. Excretion of M. bovis was intermittent in both studies, and the impact of vaccination on this measure is less clear than in earlier studies when injectable vaccination was performed (Lesellier et al, 2011). …”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 62%

“…From the perspective of reducing both the cost of an oral vaccine and the potential for environmental contamination with BCG, we need to define the minimal efficacious dose for badgers. Given that the effective dose of injected BCG appears to bear no relationship to the size of the target animal—10 equivalent human doses of BCG Danish for badgers (Lesellier et al, 2011) compared to 0.5 equivalent human doses for cattle (Buddle et al, 2013)—these data have to be generated empirically using badgers. The objectives of the two vaccine efficacy studies (VES) reported here were to compare the efficacy of BCG Danish strain in a lipid matrix with unformulated BCG given orally (VES3) at a dose of 10 8 CFU, and to evaluate the efficacy of BCG Danish in a lipid matrix at a 10-fold lower dose than previously evaluated in badgers (VES4).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Effect of Oral Vaccination with Mycobacterium bovis BCG on the Development of Tuberculosis in Captive European Badgers (Meles meles)

Chambers

Aldwell

Williams

et al. 2017

Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol.

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The European badger (Meles meles) is a reservoir host of Mycobacterium bovis and responsible for a proportion of the tuberculosis (TB) cases seen in cattle in the United Kingdom and Republic of Ireland. An injectable preparation of the bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) vaccine is licensed for use in badgers in the UK and its use forms part of the bovine TB eradication plans of England and Wales. However, there are practical limitations to the widespread application of an injectable vaccine for badgers and a research priority is the development of an oral vaccine deliverable to badgers in bait. Previous studies reported the successful vaccination of badgers with oral preparations of 108 colony forming units (CFU) of both Pasteur and Danish strains of BCG contained within a lipid matrix composed of triglycerides of fatty acids. Protection against TB in these studies was expressed as a reduction in the number and apparent progression of visible lesions, and reductions in the bacterial load and dissemination of infection. To reduce the cost of an oral vaccine and reduce the potential for environmental contamination with BCG, it is necessary to define the minimal efficacious dose of oral BCG for badgers. The objectives of the two studies reported here were to compare the efficacy of BCG Danish strain in a lipid matrix with unformulated BCG given orally, and to evaluate the efficacy of BCG Danish in a lipid matrix at a 10-fold lower dose than previously evaluated in badgers. In the first study, both BCG unformulated and in a lipid matrix reduced the number and apparent progression of visible lesions and the dissemination of infection from the lung. In the second study, vaccination with BCG in the lipid matrix at a 10-fold lower dose produced a similar outcome, but with greater intra-group variability than seen with the higher dose in the first study. Further research is needed before we are able to recommend a final dose of BCG for oral vaccination of badgers against TB or to know whether oral vaccination of wild badgers with BCG will significantly reduce transmission of the disease.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 62%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effect of Oral Vaccination with Mycobacterium bovis BCG on the Development of Tuberculosis in Captive European Badgers (Meles meles)

Chambers

Aldwell

Williams

et al. 2017

Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol.

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“…Assays typically assess the antigen-specific response of T cells (e.g. ELISpot) and their associated cytokines, such as IFN-γ, used to evaluate BCG vaccination in humans [46], cattle [47] and badgers [48]. …”

Section: Evaluating Protective Effects In Vaccinated Humans and Animalsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Veterinary and human vaccine evaluation methods

et al. 2014

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Despite the universal importance of vaccines, approaches to human and veterinary vaccine evaluation differ markedly. For human vaccines, vaccine efficacy is the proportion of vaccinated individuals protected by the vaccine against a defined outcome under ideal conditions, whereas for veterinary vaccines the term is used for a range of measures of vaccine protection. The evaluation of vaccine effectiveness, vaccine protection assessed under routine programme conditions, is largely limited to human vaccines. Challenge studies under controlled conditions and sero-conversion studies are widely used when evaluating veterinary vaccines, whereas human vaccines are generally evaluated in terms of protection against natural challenge assessed in trials or post-marketing observational studies. Although challenge studies provide a standardized platform on which to compare different vaccines, they do not capture the variation that occurs under field conditions. Field studies of vaccine effectiveness are needed to assess the performance of a vaccination programme. However, if vaccination is performed without central co-ordination, as is often the case for veterinary vaccines, evaluation will be limited. This paper reviews approaches to veterinary vaccine evaluation in comparison to evaluation methods used for human vaccines. Foot-and-mouth disease has been used to illustrate the veterinary approach. Recommendations are made for standardization of terminology and for rigorous evaluation of veterinary vaccines.

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“…Laboratory studies with captive badgers supported the claim that the vaccination of badgers by injection with BCG significantly reduces the number and severity of lesions of tuberculosis caused by M bovis (Lesellier and others 2011). The protection afforded to badgers by BCG in experimental challenge models such as these is rarely complete (defined as the absence of visible pathology and the isolation of M bovis from tissues), most likely because of the relatively high infection doses used in experimental studies in order to generate reproducible levels of infection.…”

Section: Vaccination Of Badgersmentioning

confidence: 83%

“…Thus, a proportion of vaccinated humans and animals can still be infected and develop disease (Barreto and others 2006, Dye 2013, Waters and others 2012). However, laboratory studies have demonstrated that vaccination with BCG can reduce the progression and severity of TB and the excretion of M bovis in both badgers and cattle (Buddle and others 1995, Lesellier and others 2011). …”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Vaccination against tuberculosis in badgers and cattle: an overview of the challenges, developments and current research priorities in Great Britain

Chambers

Carter²,

Wilson³

et al. 2014

Veterinary Record

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Bovine tuberculosis (TB) is a significant threat to the cattle industry in England and Wales. It is widely acknowledged that a combination of measures targeting both cattle and wildlife will be required to eradicate bovine TB or reduce its prevalence until European official freedom status is achieved. Vaccination of cattle and/or badgers could contribute to bovine TB control in Great Britain, although there are significant gaps in our knowledge regarding the impact that vaccination would actually have on bovine TB incidence. Laboratory studies have demonstrated that vaccination with BCG can reduce the progression and severity of TB in both badgers and cattle. This is encouraging in terms of the prospect of a sustained vaccination programme achieving reductions in disease prevalence; however, developing vaccines for tackling the problem of bovine TB is challenging, time-consuming and resource-intensive, as this review article sets out to explain.

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Protection of Eurasian badgers (Meles meles) from tuberculosis after intra-muscular vaccination with different doses of BCG

Cited by 56 publications

References 41 publications

The Effect of Oral Vaccination with Mycobacterium bovis BCG on the Development of Tuberculosis in Captive European Badgers (Meles meles)

The Effect of Oral Vaccination with Mycobacterium bovis BCG on the Development of Tuberculosis in Captive European Badgers (Meles meles)

Veterinary and human vaccine evaluation methods

Vaccination against tuberculosis in badgers and cattle: an overview of the challenges, developments and current research priorities in Great Britain

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