Protection of Cattle Elicited Using a Bivalent Lumpy Skin Disease Virus-Vectored Recombinant Rift Valley Fever Vaccine

Abstract

Lumpy skin disease and Rift Valley fever are two high-priority livestock diseases which have the potential to spread into previously free regions through animal movement and/or vectors, as well as intentional release by bioterrorists. Since the distribution range of both diseases is similar in Africa, it makes sense to use a bivalent vaccine to control them. This may lead to the more consistent and sustainable use of vaccination against Rift Valley fever through a more cost-effective vaccine. In this study, a recombinant lumpy skin disease virus was constructed in which the thymidine kinase gene was used as the insertion site for the Gn and Gc protective glycoprotein genes of Rift Valley fever virus using homologous recombination. Selection markers, the enhanced green fluorescent protein and Escherichia coli guanidine phosphoribosyl transferase (gpt), were used for selection of recombinant virus and in a manner enabling a second recombination event to occur upon removal of the gpt selection-pressure allowing the removal of both marker genes in the final product. This recombinant virus, LSD-RVF.mf, was selected to homogeneity, characterized and evaluated in cattle as a vaccine to show protection against both lumpy skin disease and Rift Valley fever in cattle. The results demonstrate that the LSD-RVF.mf is safe, immunogenic and can protect cattle against both diseases.

In-vitro and in-vivo study of the interference between Rift Valley fever virus (clone 13) and Sheeppox/Lumpy Skin disease viruses

“…This recombinant vaccine protected sheep against RVFV and SPPV challenge. Also, a bivalent LSDV-vectored RVFV for cattle was developed in which the thymidine kinase gene was used as the insertion site for the Gn and this bivalent recombinant vaccine was evaluated in cattle for its ability to provide protection against both virulent LSDV and RVFV challenge 21 . However, the very high cost is a major disadvantage of recombinant vaccines.…”

Capripoxvirus Infections in Ruminants: A Review

“…The use of poxviruses as vaccine vectors in recombinant vaccines presents many advantages such as the large size of the viral genome (140–300 kbp) which can contain up to 25,000 bases of foreign DNA, their thermal stability, and their replication in the cytoplasm of infected cells without integration into the host genome. Several recombinant capripoxvirus-vectored vaccines have been generated using genes of Rift Valley fever [ 137 , 138 ], peste des petits ruminants [ 139 , 140 , 141 , 142 ], rinderpest [ 143 ], bluetongue [ 144 , 145 ]), foot-and-mouth disease virus Mp1-2A polyprotein [ 146 ], EG95 antigens from Echinococcus granulosus [ 147 ], and OMP25 outer membrane protein from Brucella [ 148 ]. Developed recombinant capripox vaccines have not yet been used at a large scale in the field despite having the ability to differentiate them between infected and vaccinated animals (DIVA).…”

Lumpy Skin Disease: Ancaman Penyakit Emerging Bagi Kesehatan Ternak Sapi Di Indonesia

“…Uji virologik dapat dilakukan dengan isolasi virus LSD menggunakan biakan jaringan primer seperti Primary Goat Testicle (PGT), Primary Goat Kidney (PGK), Primary Lamb Testicle (PLT) dan Embryonic Sheep Skin Cell (ESH-L cells) dan beberapa biakan jaringan lestari seperti Madin-Darby Bovine Kidney (MDBK) cells, sel Vero (African Green Monkey Kidney), Baby Hamster Kidney (BHK) dan telur embrio bertunas (Allam et al 2020;Wallace et al 2020;Kumar et al 2021).…”

“…Respon kekebalan yang ditimbulkan akibat infeksi virus LSD dapat berupa cell mediated immunity maupun humoral immunity dengan antibodi yang ditimbulkan hanya berkisar 7 bulan (Molla et al 2018;Wallace et al 2020). Kelemahan secara serologis adalah adanya reaksi silang antara ketiga virus yaitu sheep pox, goat pox and LSD.…”