Protection of Balb/c mice against infection with FMDV by immunostimulation with CpG oligonucleotides

Kamstrup, Søren; Frimann, Tine Holland; Barfoed, Annette Malene

doi:10.1016/j.antiviral.2006.03.010

Cited by 28 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…This trend leads us to suggest that evolutionary events are occurring. The low conservation of the non-structural protein 3A could be due to its putative role in the adaptability of the virus to the host [12]. The phylogenetic analysis based on the 3A and 3B genes is in complete agreement with a previous report documenting that four isolates of lineage A have significant sequence similarity [13].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 77%

“…Mutations or deletions in structural proteins may help FMDV to evade an immune response produced by the host, whereas mutations or deletions in the non-structural proteins could be detrimental to viral replication and protein processing [7]. In the non-structural protein regions, the 2A, 2B, 2C, 3C, and 3D proteins are highly conserved, while the 3A and 3B proteins are less conserved among serotypes, probably due to their functions or actions with host factors [12]. The wide variation of serotypes across different geographical areas points to the need for urgent identification of regional serotypes for outbreak control and vaccine development.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Sequence and phylogenetic analysis of the non-structural 3A and 3B protein-coding regions of foot-and-mouth disease virus subtype A Iran 05

et al. 2010

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The A Iran 05 foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) subtype was detected in Iran during 2005 and has proven to be highly virulent. This study was undertaken to focus on molecular and phylogenetic analysis of 3A and 3B coding-regions in the A Iran 05 field isolate. To assess the genetic relatedness of A Iran 05 isolate the nucleotide and predicted amino acid sequences of the 3AB region of type A FMDV isolates were compared with twenty previously described type A FMDV isolates. The phylogenetic tree based on the 672 bp 3AB gene sequences of type A FMDV from thirteen different locations clustered them into five distinct lineages. The A Iran 05 isolate clustered in lineage A along with four type A variants and was closely matched with viruses isolated in Turkey and Pakistan during 2005~2006. The number of protein sequence differences exhibited by each of the isolates revealed that A Iran 05 isolate contains three amino acid substitutions at positions 47 and 119 of 3A and 27 of the 3B coding region. The nucleotide identity between A Iran 05 and the other four isolates of lineage A was estimated to be 98%.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 77%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sequence and phylogenetic analysis of the non-structural 3A and 3B protein-coding regions of foot-and-mouth disease virus subtype A Iran 05

et al. 2010

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“…Based on the promising effect of CpG in mediating early protection during the innate phase of the immune response in mouse models (16,28), the present study has evaluated the feasibility of CpG to promote early protection against FMDV in a large animal representing a natural host of this virus. While CpGs have been applied to pigs with the aim of stimulating adaptive immune responses, their ability to stimulate innate immune responses has not been described.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Based on such ideas, IFN inducers have been tested for their capacity to promote innate protection against FMDV. Such an approach found some success in mouse models using polyinosinic:poly(C) (24) and CpG (16). Stimulation of innate immunity with CpG has also been shown to protect against a number of other bacterial and viral infections, including herpesviruses (13), orthopoxvirus (23), influenza virus (10), and birnavirus (15) in mouse models.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Innate Immune Defenses Induced by CpG Do Not Promote Vaccine-Induced Protection against Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus in Pigs

Alves¹,

Guzylack‐Piriou²,

Juillard

et al. 2009

Clin Vaccine Immunol

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Emergency vaccination as part of the control strategies against foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) has the potential to limit virus spread and reduce large-scale culling. To reduce the time between vaccination and the onset of immunity, immunostimulatory CpG was tested for its capacity to promote early protection against FMDV challenge in pigs. To this end, CpG 2142, an efficient inducer of alpha interferon, was injected intramuscularly. Increased transcription of Mx1, OAS, and IRF-7 was identified as a sensitive measurement of CpG-induced innate immunity, with increased levels detectable to at least 4 days after injection of CpG formulated with Emulsigen. Despite this, CpG combined with an FMD vaccine did not promote protection. Pigs vaccinated 2 days before challenge had disease development, which was at least as acute as that of unvaccinated controls. All pigs vaccinated 7 days before challenge were protected without a noticeable effect of CpG. In summary, our results demonstrate the caution required when translating findings from mouse models to natural hosts of FMDV.Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) represents one of the most economically important diseases of cloven-hoofed livestock. Its causative agent, FMD virus (FMDV), belongs to the Picornaviridae family and is a member of the genus Aphthovirus, together with equine rhinitis A virus. Infection with FMDV occurs commonly via the respiratory tract following contact or inhalation of airborne virus, with the major site of primary replication being the mucosal epithelia of the nasopharynx.In Europe, the current control strategy of an FMD outbreak relies on a nonvaccination policy. In the case of an epidemic, the primary actions against the spread of the disease have been culling of the affected herds, including preemptive slaughtering in a control zone, together with strict control of animal movement. Such drastic measures resulted in the slaughter of 6.5 million animals during the European outbreak in 2001. As a consequence, a strong desire to reduce reliance on large-scale culling of animals to control future outbreaks of FMD has developed, and one of the control measures being considered is the application of emergency vaccination. However, due to the exceptional rapidity of virus spread during FMD outbreaks, one important element for improving current vaccines is the promotion of an early induction of protection.FMDV infection elicits a rapid humoral response, followed by clearance of the opsonized virus complexes by phagocytic cells (20). Protection against FMDV correlates with the induction of high levels of neutralizing antibodies in serum, already detectable after 3 to 4 days postinfection (8). However, trials using high-dose conventional vaccines based on inactivated FMDV in cattle (9), pigs (26), and sheep (6) have shown that animals can be protected as early as 4 days postvaccination, in the absence of significant levels of neutralizing antibodies in the serum. This indicates that mechanisms other than specific antibodies were involved. For the curren...

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“…Alternative strategies such as the use of small chemical molecules [4][5][6], interferons [7,8], immunostimulatory CpG oligonucleotides [9], poly IC [10], RNA or DNA(-like) interference [11][12][13] or a combination of these strategies [14] have the potential to induce immediate, serotype non-specific protection against FMDV replication under field circumstances. They could support the EU emergency vaccination policy or might even on itself be a valid alternative for pre-emptive culling of animals at risk to get infected with FMDV, in the EU or elsewhere.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A thiazepino[4,5-a]benzimidazole derivative hampers the RNA replication of Eurasian serotypes of foot-and-mouth disease virus

Lefebvre

Vleeschauwer

Goris

et al. 2014

Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications

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Protection of Balb/c mice against infection with FMDV by immunostimulation with CpG oligonucleotides

Cited by 28 publications

References 34 publications

Sequence and phylogenetic analysis of the non-structural 3A and 3B protein-coding regions of foot-and-mouth disease virus subtype A Iran 05

Sequence and phylogenetic analysis of the non-structural 3A and 3B protein-coding regions of foot-and-mouth disease virus subtype A Iran 05

Innate Immune Defenses Induced by CpG Do Not Promote Vaccine-Induced Protection against Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus in Pigs

A thiazepino[4,5-a]benzimidazole derivative hampers the RNA replication of Eurasian serotypes of foot-and-mouth disease virus

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