Protection from premature habituation requires functional mushroom bodies in <i>Drosophila</i>

Acevedo, Summer F.; Froudarakis, Emmanouil; Kanellopoulos, Alexandros K.; Skoulakis, Efthimios M. C.

doi:10.1101/lm.566007

Cited by 37 publications

(76 citation statements)

References 72 publications

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“…Alternatively, or additionally, CS onset may influence the salience of a following US, and this effect may decrease with increasing CS-US intervals. In Drosophila, the habituated response to a US (electroshock) can be dishabituated by odor stimulation, showing that odors can indeed increase US salience (Acevedo et al, 2007). Such a CSmediated increase in the US salience would also explain the improved memory acquisition that we found when a second odor stimulus was placed into the CS-US gap (Fig.…”

Section: Features Of Trace-memory Acquisitionsupporting

confidence: 57%

Mind the Gap: Olfactory Trace Conditioning in Honeybees

Szyszka¹,

Demmler²,

Oemisch³

et al. 2011

J. Neurosci.

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Trace conditioning is a form of classical conditioning, where a neutral stimulus (conditioned stimulus, CS) is associated with a following appetitive or aversive stimulus (unconditioned stimulus, US). Unlike classical delay conditioning, in trace conditioning there is a stimulus-free gap between CS and US, and thus a poststimulus neural representation (trace) of the CS is required to bridge the gap until its association with the US. The properties of such stimulus traces are not well understood, nor are their underlying physiological mechanisms. Using behavioral and physiological approaches, we studied appetitive olfactory trace conditioning in honeybees. We found that single-odor presentation created a trace containing information about odor identity. This trace conveyed odor information about the initial stimulus and was robust against interference by other odors. Memory acquisition decreased with increasing CS-US gap length. The maximum learnable CS-US gap length could be extended by previous trace-conditioning experience. Furthermore, acquisition improved when an additional odor was presented during the CS-US gap. Using calcium imaging, we tested whether projection neurons in the primary olfactory brain area, the antennal lobe, contain a CS trace. We found odor-specific persistent responses after stimulus offset. These post-odor responses, however, did not encode the CS trace, and perceived odor quality could be predicted by the initial but not by the post-odor response. Our data suggest that olfactory trace conditioning is a less reflexive form of learning than classical delay conditioning, indicating that odor traces might involve higher-level cognitive processes.

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Section: Features Of Trace-memory Acquisitionsupporting

confidence: 57%

Mind the Gap: Olfactory Trace Conditioning in Honeybees

Szyszka¹,

Demmler²,

Oemisch³

et al. 2011

J. Neurosci.

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“…Habituation or sensitization to a noxious stimulus could be regulated by the circadian clock so that while the same training protocol may be used at all times of day, the salience of the US or the aversive odor used as the CS+ may be different. Recent research has shown habituation to electric shock occurs in flies and is dependent upon and modulated by the MBs (Acevedo et al 2007a). Similarly, electric shock can induce nonassociative decreases in olfactory responsiveness (Acevedo et al 2007b).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Circadian modulation of short-term memory in Drosophila

Lyons

Roman²

2008

Learn. Mem.

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Endogenous biological clocks are widespread regulators of behavior and physiology, allowing for a more efficient allocation of efforts and resources over the course of a day. The extent that different processes are regulated by circadian oscillators, however, is not fully understood. We investigated the role of the circadian clock on short-term associative memory formation using a negatively reinforced olfactory-learning paradigm in Drosophila melanogaster. We found that memory formation was regulated in a circadian manner. The peak performance in short-term memory (STM) occurred during the early subjective night with a twofold performance amplitude after a single pairing of conditioned and unconditioned stimuli. This rhythm in memory is eliminated in both timeless and period mutants and is absent during constant light conditions. Circadian gating of sensory perception does not appear to underlie the rhythm in short-term memory as evidenced by the nonrhythmic shock avoidance and olfactory avoidance behaviors. Moreover, central brain oscillators appear to be responsible for the modulation as cryptochrome mutants, in which the antennal circadian oscillators are nonfunctional, demonstrate robust circadian rhythms in short-term memory. Together these data suggest that central, rather than peripheral, circadian oscillators modulate the formation of short-term associative memory and not the perception of the stimuli.Circadian clocks operate in organisms ranging from single-celled prokaryotes to humans. Intracellular circadian oscillators maintain 24 h cycles through circadian gene expression and autoregulatory, negative feedback loops (reviewed in Bell-Pedersen et al. 2005;Hardin 2005). Circadian regulation impacts almost every aspect of an animal's life including gene expression, enzyme activity, cell division, cell metabolism, as well as physiological and behavioral processes. Given the widespread effect of the circadian clock on physiology and behavior, it is not surprising that the circadian clock also affects learning and memory. In the past several years, circadian modulation of long-term memory formation has been observed in many invertebrate and vertebrate model systems including Aplysia (Fernandez et al. 2003;Lyons et al. 2005), zebrafish (Rawashdeh et al. 2007), mice (Valentinuzzi et al. 2001;Chaudhury and Colwell 2002), and rats (Rudy and Pugh 1998;Valentinuzzi et al. 2004; Hasher 1999, 2004). More recently, investigations into the mechanism through which the circadian clock regulates long-term memory formation in Aplysia, have suggested that the circadian clock modulates memory formation in the presynaptic sensory neurons by regulating the induction of kinase activity and learning induced gene transcription (Lyons et al. 2006).In contrast, it is more difficult to draw conclusions about the impact of the circadian clock on short-term memory (STM). In studies emphasizing short-term memory or working memory tasks in humans, time of day appears to influence memory and performance (reviewed in Schmidt et al. 20...

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“…Interestingly, male flies also learn to attenuate their courtship behavior after experiencing rejection by a fertilized female (Kamyshev et al, 1999;Siegel & Hall, 1979). Procedures have been developed to study habituation and sensitization (Acevedo et al, 2007;Duerr & Quinn, 1982). Recent studies in Drosophila have revealed that flies may exhibit attention-like processes (van Swinderen & Flores, 2007), goal-driven behavioral adaptations (Pick & Strauss, 2005), and decision making (Zhang et al, 2007).…”

Section: Communicative Signalsmentioning

confidence: 99%