Protection from gastrointestinal diseases with the use of probiotics

Marteau, Philippe; Vrese, Michael de; Cellier, Christophe; Schrezenmeir, Jürgen

doi:10.1093/ajcn/73.2.430s

Cited by 488 publications

(314 citation statements)

References 63 publications

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“…LAB can be effective in preventing gastrointestinal disorders and in the recovery from diarrhoea of miscellaneous causes including antibiotic, traveller's diarrhoea, etc (Marteau et al, 2001). A decrease in the severity and duration of persistent diarrhoea has been reported in these studies (Bhatnagar et al, 1998).…”

Section: Probiotics In Diarrhoea Treatmentmentioning

confidence: 88%

Probiotics as a help in children suffering from malnutrition and diarrhoea

et al. 2002

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Malnutrition is associated with a significant impairment of cell-mediated immunity, phagocyte function, immunoglobulin A concentrations and cytokine production. This situation -which is unfortunately very frequent in infants and children from developing countries -leads to a high risk of infection, and often to episodes of diarrhoea, hence aggravating the nutritional status. Fermented milks are known to exert a beneficial influence on the host's health. They act by modulating gut microflora, regulating any alteration of gut mucosa and stimulating immune response. A number of studies have shown that probiotics shorten the duration of diarrhoea and prevent recurrence of other episodes. Furthermore, probiotics can prevent diarrhoea from infection in infants with malnutrition. In addition, it has been shown that cytokines could be used as biological markers of both impaired immune system and the immune stimulation of probiotics. The aim of this review is to update the effect of fermented milks in situations of malnutrition and diarrhoea as a consequence of infection as well as the role of cytokines produced by fermented milks in these deficient conditions.

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Section: Probiotics In Diarrhoea Treatmentmentioning

confidence: 88%

Probiotics as a help in children suffering from malnutrition and diarrhoea

et al. 2002

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“…Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG (LGG), 1 a bacterium used in the production of yogurt, is one of the best-studied probiotic bacteria in clinical trials. It is effective in preventing and treating diarrhea (8), recurrent Clostridium difficile (9), primary rotavirus infections (10), and atopic dermatitis (11). Therefore, manipulation of enteric microflora by selective living microorganisms termed probiotics are promoted by practitioners of alternative health measures.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Probiotic Bacterium Prevents Cytokine-induced Apoptosis in Intestinal Epithelial Cells

Yan

Polk

2002

Journal of Biological Chemistry

472

333

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Probiotic bacteria are microorganisms that benefit the host by preventing or ameliorating disease. However, little information is known regarding the scientific rationale for using probiotics as alternative medicine. The purpose of this paper is to investigate the mechanisms of probiotic beneficial effects on intestinal cell homeostasis. We now report that one such probiotic, Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG (LGG), prevents cytokineinduced apoptosis in two different intestinal epithelial cell models. Culture of LGG with either mouse or human colon cells activates the anti-apoptotic Akt/protein kinase B. This model probiotic also inhibits activation of the pro-apoptotic p38/mitogen-activated protein kinase by tumor necrosis factor, interleukin-1␣, or ␥-interferon. Furthermore, products recovered from LGG culture broth supernatant show concentration-dependent activation of Akt and inhibition of cytokine-induced apoptosis. These observations suggest a novel mechanism of communication between probiotic microorganisms and epithelia that increases survival of intestinal cells normally found in an environment of pro-apoptotic cytokines.

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“…20,21 In this context, clinical or experimental studies have shown positive effects of probiotic or synbiotic preparations on mild HE. 21,22 Probiotics have already been used safely in intestinal bowel diseases 23 such as ulcerative colitis or in chronic pouchitis, 24 to decrease symptoms in patients with irritable bowel syndrome, 25 or even to improve the clinical status of children with stable Crohn's disease. 26 In addition, new recombinant strains of probiotics are used as novel therapeutic strategies to deliver vaccines 27 or biologically active compounds such as interleukin-10 in murine colitis.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Control of acute, chronic, and constitutive hyperammonemia by wild-type and genetically engineered Lactobacillus plantarum in rodents

et al. 2008

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Hyperammonemia is a common complication of acute and chronic liver diseases. Often accompanied with side effects, therapeutic interventions such as antibiotics or lactulose are generally targeted to decrease the intestinal production and absorption of ammonia. In this study, we aimed to modulate hyperammonemia in three rodent models by administration of wild-type Lactobacillus plantarum, a genetically engineered ammonia hyperconsuming strain, and a strain deficient for the ammonia transporter. Wild-type and metabolically engineered L. plantarum strains were administered in ornithine transcarbamoylase-deficient Sparse-fur mice, a model of constitutive hyperammonemia, in a carbon tetrachloride rat model of chronic liver insufficiency and in a thioacetamide-induced acute liver failure mice model. Constitutive hyperammonemia in Sparse-fur mice and hyperammonemia in a rat model of chronic hepatic insufficiency were efficiently decreased by Lactobacillus administration. In a murine thioacetamide-induced model of acute liver failure, administration of probiotics significantly increased survival and decreased blood and fecal ammonia. The ammonia hyperconsuming strain exhibited a beneficial effect at a lower dose than its wild-type counterpart. Improved survival in the acute liver failure mice model was associated with lower blood ammonia levels but also with a decrease of astrocyte swelling in the brain cortex. Modulation of ammonia was abolished after administration of the strain deficient in the ammonium transporter. Intestinal pH was clearly lowered for all strains and no changes in gut flora were observed. Conclusion: Hyperammonemia in constitutive model or after acute or chronic induced liver failure can be controlled by the administration of L. plantarum with a significant effect on survival. The mechanism involved in this ammonia decrease implicates direct ammonia consumption in the gut. (HEPATOLOGY 2008;48:1184-1192 H yperammonemia (HA) is a well-known complication of acute and chronic liver diseases and plays a central role in the pathogenesis of hepatic encephalopathy (HE). [1][2][3][4][5] This neurological dysfunction results, at least in part, from an increase in plasma ammonia level and the severity of the symptoms correlates with blood ammonia level. 6-9 Animal models used in studying hyperammonemic disorders are multiple: fulminant hepatic failure, 10 chronic liver failure, 11 or urea cycle deficiency. 12 Ammonia is produced by many tissues but its major external source results from deaminase and urease activities of the gut flora. Although its absorption occurs through the intestinal epithelium, ammonia is carried by the portal vein into the liver where it is metabolized into urea. 13 Classical treatments of HE, except through liver transplantation and liver replacement therapies, consist in decreasing the ammonia production of urease-positive bacteria by antibiotics or decreasing the ammonia absorption into the gut by acidifying the colon content with nonabsorbable sugars such as lactulose. 4,[13][14][1...

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Protection from gastrointestinal diseases with the use of probiotics

Cited by 488 publications

References 63 publications

Probiotics as a help in children suffering from malnutrition and diarrhoea

Probiotics as a help in children suffering from malnutrition and diarrhoea

Probiotic Bacterium Prevents Cytokine-induced Apoptosis in Intestinal Epithelial Cells

Control of acute, chronic, and constitutive hyperammonemia by wild-type and genetically engineered Lactobacillus plantarum in rodents

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