Protection against Staphylococcus aureus and tetanus infections by a combined vaccine containing SasA and TeNT-Hc in mice

Abstract

In developing countries, trauma patients and neonates are vulnerable to Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) and Clostridium tetani infections. It has been suggested that a combined vaccine against the two infections may be a reliable and cost‑effective strategy. Previous studies have indicated that the S. aureus surface protein A (SasA) and the C fragment of tetanus neurotoxin (TeNT‑Hc) may be suitable candidates for a vaccine against S. aureus and tetanus infections, respectively. In the present study, mice were immunized with a combined vaccine containing SasA and TeNT‑Hc, which induced a robust immune response to both antigens, and mutual interference between SasA and TeNT‑Hc was not observed. In the S.aureus challenge model, the combined vaccine fully protected BALB/c mice against lethal intraperitoneal challenges with 3x109 colony‑forming units of a methicillin‑resistant S. aureus USA300 strain. In the TeNT challenge model, the combined vaccine conferred complete protection against a lethal dose of (2x103) xLD50 tetanus toxin. These results implied that SasA and TeNT‑Hc promising components for a combined vaccine against S. aureus and tetanus infections.

New developments and future challenges in prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of prosthetic joint infection

“…Vaccines targeting cell wall components of Staphylococcus aureus (LTA acid, capsular polysaccharides), cell wall anchored proteins (IsdB), toxins (α‐toxin, Panton‐Valentine leukicidin, SpA) 117–124 …”

“…Further clinical trials in the setting of infection are needed to assess the efficacy of these approaches. Other approaches for active immunization against S. aureus have included targeting other virulence factors such as alpha‐toxin, Panton‐Valentine leukocidin, surface protein A (SpA), and secretory proteins, however, these have not progressed beyond preclinical or early‐stage healthy human trials 122,124 …”

“…Vaccines targeting cell wall components of Staphylococcus aureus (LTA acid, capsular polysaccharides), cell wall anchored proteins (IsdB), toxins (α-toxin, Panton-Valentine leukicidin, SpA) [117][118][119][120][121][122][123][124] Monoclonal antibodies to SpA, DNA binding proteins, α-toxin, ClfA 22,125,126 Antibody-antibiotic conjugates 23,127…”

“…Other approaches for active immunization against S. aureus have included targeting other virulence factors such as alphatoxin, Panton-Valentine leukocidin, surface protein A (SpA), and secretory proteins, however, these have not progressed beyond preclinical or early-stage healthy human trials. 122,124 Passive immunization strategies may show more promise than vaccine-based approaches as a complement to systemic antimicrobial therapy in both the treatment and prevention setting, however, these are mostly in preclinical stages of development. endothelial, and epithelial lining cells.…”

<p>Recent advances in <em>Staphylococcus aureus</em> infection: focus on vaccine development</p>

“…Another recent study depicted the efficacy of the combined vaccine containing recombinant S. aureus surface protein A (SasA) and the internal heavy chain translocation domain C-fragment of tetanus neurotoxin (TenT-Hc). The combined vaccine conferred complete protection to the mouse against lethal intra-peritoneal challenges with 3×10 9 CFU of MRSA USA300 strains 121…”