Protection against Radiation-Induced Bone Marrow and Intestinal Injuries by Cordyceps sinensis, a Chinese Herbal Medicine

Liu, Wei-Chung; Wang, Shu-Chi; Tsai, Min-Lung; Chen, Meng-Chi; Wang, Ya-Chen; Hong, Ji-Hong; McBride, William H.; Chiang, Chi-Shiun

doi:10.1667/rr0670.1

Cited by 43 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 66 publications

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“…Radioprotectors might affect the rate and extent of loss of lymphocytes over the first few days, but mitigators are more likely to influence primarily the recovery phase, especially if the agents are delivered a day or two after exposure. Thus, in animals that are receiving a known total-body radiation dose, the time to and extent of recovery of peripheral white cells can be a good measure of the extent of mitigation (8). …”

Section: Immune Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

Animal Models for Medical Countermeasures to Radiation Exposure

et al. 2010

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Since September 11, 2001, there has been the recognition of a plausible threat from acts of terrorism, including radiological or nuclear attacks. A network of Centers for Medical Countermeasures against Radiation (CMCRs) has been established across the U.S.; one of the missions of this network is to identify and develop mitigating agents that can be used to treat the civilian population after a radiological event. The development of such agents requires comparison of data from many sources and accumulation of information consistent with the "Animal Rule" from the Food and Drug Administration (FDA). Given the necessity for a consensus on appropriate animal model use across the network to allow for comparative studies to be performed across institutions, and to identify pivotal studies and facilitate FDA approval, in early 2008, investigators from each of the CMCRs organized and met for an Animal Models Workshop. Working groups deliberated and discussed the wide range of animal models available for assessing agent efficacy in a number of relevant tissues and organs, including the immune and hematopoietic systems, gastrointestinal tract, lung, kidney and skin. Discussions covered the most appropriate species and strains available as well as other factors that may affect differential findings between groups and institutions. This report provides the workshop findings.

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Section: Immune Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

Animal Models for Medical Countermeasures to Radiation Exposure

et al. 2010

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“…Importantly, mice treated with adenosine and its analog inosine following 12 Gy WBI showed increased survival (Hou et al 2007), and treatment starting 3 days post-WBI with drugs that elevate extracellular adenosine have been shown to accelerate myelorecovery of mice (Hofer et al 2002). Interestingly, a fungal Chinese herbal medicinal extract from Cordyceps sinesis that protects mice from bone marrow and intestinal injuries after lethal WBI and enhances the colony-forming ability of both GM-CFU (granulocyte macrophage colony forming units) and osteogenic cells from bone marrow preparations (Liu et al 2008, Liu et al 2006) was recently reported to be 3'-adenosine (Zhou et al 2008). In spite of these reports, nucleotides are of greater significance because of mechanism rather than practical usage as mitigators, which are probably limited by their short half-life.…”

Section: Hts Profiles Of Modulators Of Radiation-induced Lymphocyte Amentioning

confidence: 99%

High throughput screening of small molecule libraries for modifiers of radiation responses

Kim¹,

Damoiseaux²,

Norris³

et al. 2011

International Journal of Radiation Biology

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Purpose An unbiased approach of drug discovery through high-throughput screening (HTS) of libraries of chemically defined and bioactive small molecule compounds was used to identify modulators of radiation injury with an emphasis on radioprotectors and mitigators rather than radiosensitizers. Assay system endpoints included radiation-induced genotoxicity and DNA damage in yeast and apoptosis in murine lymphocytes. Large-scale data mining of chemically diverse libraries identified agents that were effective with all endpoints. HTS of bioactive compound libraries against murine lymphocytes profiled tetracycline and fluoroquinolone antibiotics and cyclopiazonic acid as having activity, and structure-activity analysis showed a common pharmacophore. Purine nucleosides, the interferon inducer tilorone, and linoleic acid were also identified as potential mitigators of radiation damage that often were also radioprotective. Many of these compounds enhance DNA repair, have anti-inflammatory activity, and stimulate hematopoiesis. Selected compounds within these initial verified hits from both types of libraries identified potent mitigators of lethal whole body irradiation (WBI) in mice. Conclusion In spite of the fact that in vitro HTS has limitations and is unable to fully recapitulate all aspects of the complex in vivo acute radiation response, it identified several classes of molecules that had activity as radioprotectors and radiomitigators of the hematopoietic system in vivo. In the future, addition of 3 dimensional (3D) or stem cell cultures or pathway analysis, may improve the power of HTS, but our findings indicate that common, evolutionary conserved, canonical pathways can be identified that could be exploited to mitigate radiation-induced defects.

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“…Chinese herbal medicine has become increasingly popular around the world for the promotion of health and adjuvant therapy [18-20]. To our knowledge, this prospective clinical research was the first study to assess the effects of Lung Support Formula, the nutritional supplement containing natural Chinese herbs, on the improvement of respiratory symptoms in older adults.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Lung Support Formula on respiratory symptoms among older adults: results of a three-month follow-up study in Shanghai, China

Cai

Shi

Song³

et al. 2013

Nutr J

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BackgroundWith the acceleration of industrialization in low or middle-income nations, the prevalence of respiratory symptoms among older adults is even more significant now in China. Contemporary treatments using Western medicine, such as anti-inflammatory regimens, may be effective in relieving the symptoms, but may have unexpected side effects. Some natural products may be effective in improving respiratory functions, yet their efficacies remain to be examined in randomized, placebo-controlled studies. To evaluate the effects of Lung Support Formula, a nutritional supplement which contains naturally derived Chinese herbal medicines, we conducted a clinical study among older adults in Shanghai, China.MethodsA total of 100 patients over 50 years old were recruited and blindly randomized into the treatment or control group. The subjects took either 1 Lung Support Formula capsule or a placebo capsule twice a day for 12 weeks. All subjects were followed-up every 4 weeks to perform investigative and clinical examinations. Repeated measure of analysis of variance was employed to compare the trend of respiratory symptoms scores between the 2 groups during 12 weeks of follow-up.ResultsFifty patients from the treatment group and 49 patients in the control group completed the 3-month follow-up. No adverse events were reported in the treatment duration. The percentage of patients reported to have chronic cough, chronic expectoration and chronic bronchitis were significantly decreased in the treatment group when compared with baseline after a 3-month intervention (P < 0.05). The respiratory symptoms scores declined gradually with the lapse of time (P < 0.05) in the treatment group and there were no significant changes in the control group by repeated measure of analysis of variance (P > 0.05).ConclusionsThe clinical research shows that use of Lung Support Formula shows significant improvements of respiratory symptoms and is well-tolerated in short-term use among older adults. An additional study involving more subjects and longer-term follow-up would be needed to provide convincing evidence of the improvement of respiratory symptoms in the treatment group.

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Protection against Radiation-Induced Bone Marrow and Intestinal Injuries by Cordyceps sinensis, a Chinese Herbal Medicine

Cited by 43 publications

References 66 publications

Animal Models for Medical Countermeasures to Radiation Exposure

Animal Models for Medical Countermeasures to Radiation Exposure

High throughput screening of small molecule libraries for modifiers of radiation responses

Effects of Lung Support Formula on respiratory symptoms among older adults: results of a three-month follow-up study in Shanghai, China

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