Protection against parenteral HIV-1 infection by homozygous deletion in the C-C chemokine receptor 5 gene

Abstract

The delta32/delta32 genotype was highly protective against HIV-1 infection, even in patients who had received millions of non-inactivated clotting factor units. As it is likely that in the early 1980s plasma pools were contaminated not only with monocyte-tropic HIV-1 strains, CCR5 appears to be the major mediator of HIV-1 infection. Furthermore, we conclude that there must be other protective mechanisms in multiply exposed non-infected haemophiliacs who have wild-type CCR5.

Comparison of GB virus C, HIV, and HCV infection markers in hemophiliacs exposed to non-inactivated or inactivated factor concentrates

“…Patients who received less than 500,000 units (subgroup AI) were significantly less often HIV-infected than patients in the groups which received more than 500,000 units (subgroup AII) and patients receiving more than 1,000,000 units (subgroup AIII) of non-inactivated clotting factor concentrate. This dose dependence for HIV-infection was previously described for another cohort of hemophilic patients (Kupfer et al, 1999).…”

Characterization of High-Risk HIV-1 Seronegative Hemophiliacs

“…The prevalence of this genetic polymorphism is enriched in uninfected but high-risk populations, including those with sexual (25) or parenteral exposure (24). HIV-1 infection has been documented rarely in persons with this trait, but sequence analysis has identified these viruses as compatible with X4-tropic strains (13).…”

No Selection for CCR5 Coreceptor Usage during Parenteral Transmission of Macrophagetropic Syncytium-Inducing Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1

“…The efficiency of transmission of different HIV-1 variants may depend on the route of transmission. This has also been indicated by the controversial results on possible protection of the CCR5 ⌬32/⌬32 genotype against parenteral transmission of HIV-1 (17,33,36). Whether or not vertical or sexual transmission is established only by CCR5 using viruses remains to be established.…”