Protection Against Ischemic Heart Disease in the Belgian Physical Fitness Study: Physical Fitness Rather Than Physical Activity?

Sobolski, John; Kornitzer, Marcel; Backer, Guy De; Dramaix, M.; Abramowicz, Michel; Degré, Serge; Dénolin, H

doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a114573

Cited by 90 publications

(37 citation statements)

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“…Two studies compared the role of LTPA and physical ®tness in the prevention of fatal or nonfatal CHD. 18,41 In their study, Hein et al 18 concluded that, among sedentary men, being very ®t does not provide protection against CHD and all-cause mortality; however un®t and sedentary men had a higher risk of CHD than un®t and active men.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Body mass index, physical inactivity and low level of physical fitness as determinants of all-cause and cardiovascular disease mortality—16 y follow-up of middle-aged and elderly men and women

et al. 2000

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OBJECTIVE: To investigate the independent associations and the possible interaction of body mass index (BMI), leisure time physical activity (LTPA) and perceived physical ®tness and functional capability with the risk of mortality. DESIGN: Prospective 16 y follow-up study. SUBJECTS: A regionally representative cohort of 35 ± 63 -y-old Finnish men (n 1090) and women (n 1122). MEASUREMENTS: All-cause, cardiovascular disease (CVD) and coronary heart disease (CHD) mortality were derived from the national census data until the end of September 1996 while the initial levels of BMI, LTPA, physical ®tness and function were determined from self-administered questionnaires. RESULTS: After adjustment for age, marital and employment status, perceived health status, smoking and alcohol consumption, the Cox proportional hazards model showed that BMI was not associated with the risk of death among the men or the women. Compared with the most active subjects the men and women with no weekly vigorous activity had relative risks of 1.61 (95% con®dence interval, CI, 0.98 ± 2.64) and 4.68 (95% CI, 1.41 ± 15.57), respectively, for CVD mortality, and for the men there was a relative risk of 1.66 (95% CI, 0.92 ± 2.99) for CHD mortality. When compared with the men who perceived their ®tness as better than their age-mates, the men with the`worse' assessment had a relative risk of 3.29 (95% CI, 1.80 ± 6.02) for all-cause mortality and 4.37 (95% CI, 1.80 ± 10.6) for CVD mortality. Men with at least some dif®culty in walking a distance of 2 km had a relative risk of 1.62 (95% CI, 1.05 ± 2.50) for all-cause mortality when compared with those who had no functional dif®culties. In addition, in the comparison with subjects with no functional dif®culties, the men and women who had some dif®culty climbing several¯ights of stairs had relative risks of 1.47 (95% CI, 0.97 ± 2.23) and 2.39 (95% CI, 1.25 ± 4.60) for all-cause mortality, respectively. For CVD mortality the relative risks were 1.85 (95% CI, 1.04 ± 3.30) and 3.38 (1.22 ± 9.41), respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Although BMI did not prove to be an independent risk factor for mortality from CVD, CHD or from all causes combined, perceived physical ®tness and functional capability did. An increase in LTPA seems to have a similar bene®cial effect on the mortality risk of obese and nonobese men and women, and the effect also seems to be similar for ®t and un®t subjects.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Body mass index, physical inactivity and low level of physical fitness as determinants of all-cause and cardiovascular disease mortality—16 y follow-up of middle-aged and elderly men and women

et al. 2000

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“…Higher levels of OPA were associated with a reduced risk of CVD in some prospective population-based studies (9-15) but not others (10,13,(16)(17)(18)(19)(20)(21) or were associated with an increased CVD risk (22)(23)(24)(25)(26)(27)(28) and, in one study, depending on level of fitness (29). A few studies showed differential effects, with LTPA being protective and OPA having no effect (20,30), LTPA having an effect only among persons with low levels of OPA (14), or LTPA constituting a CVD risk (23), especially among persons with high levels of OPA indicating an interaction between OPA and LTPA (28).…”

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confidence: 95%

Occupational physical activity and 20-year incidence of acute myocardial infarction: results from the Kuopio Ischemic Heart Disease Risk Factor Study

Krause¹,

Brand²,

Arah³

et al. 2014

Scand J Work Environ Health

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This study overcomes several methodological problems of an inconsistent literature and provides evidence for a detrimental role of occupational physical activity on cardiovascular health for men with and without baseline ischemic heart disease. The study also demonstrates that choice of exposure measure and analytic strategy can change direction and size of estimated effects, possibly explaining known inconsistencies in the literature. Key terms: acute myocardial infarction; cardiorespiratory fitness; cardiovascular disease; coronary heart disease; energy expenditure; Kuopio Ischemic Heart Disease Risk Factor Study; occupational physical activity; physical activity; physical workload; prospective study; relative aerobic strain; relative aerobic workload; relative oxygen uptake reserve; risk factor This article in PubMed: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25599524

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“…While the beneficial effects of leisure-time physical activity on the circulatory system are relatively well established, the literature about the health effects of occupational physical activity remains inconsistent (5). Higher levels of occupational physical activity were associated with a reduced risk of CVD in some prospective population-based studies (6)(7)(8)(9)(10)(11), showed no association in others (7,12,8,(13)(14)(15)(16)(17), or were associated with an increased CVD risk (18)(19)(20)(21). A few studies showed…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Occupational physical activity, energy expenditure and 11-year progression of carotid atherosclerosis

Krause

Brand²,

Kaplan³

et al. 2007

Scand J Work Environ Health

138

191

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Protection Against Ischemic Heart Disease in the Belgian Physical Fitness Study: Physical Fitness Rather Than Physical Activity?

Cited by 90 publications

References 0 publications

Body mass index, physical inactivity and low level of physical fitness as determinants of all-cause and cardiovascular disease mortality—16 y follow-up of middle-aged and elderly men and women

Body mass index, physical inactivity and low level of physical fitness as determinants of all-cause and cardiovascular disease mortality—16 y follow-up of middle-aged and elderly men and women

Occupational physical activity and 20-year incidence of acute myocardial infarction: results from the Kuopio Ischemic Heart Disease Risk Factor Study

Occupational physical activity, energy expenditure and 11-year progression of carotid atherosclerosis

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