Protecting trees at an individual level provides insufficient safeguard for urban forests

Wyse, Sarah V.; Beggs, Jacqueline R.; Burns, Bruce R.; Stanley, Margaret C.

doi:10.1016/j.landurbplan.2015.05.006

Cited by 22 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 47 publications

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“…This may signal a changing attitude towards native trees in private gardens, with wealthier people now being more likely than in the past to invest in native trees when establishing their gardens. Several studies have shown a positive association between wealth of suburbs and vegetation biodiversity, in USA (Hope et al, 2003;Kinzig et al, 2005) and in Australia (Luck, Smallbone & O'Brien, 2009) as well as New Zealand (Wyse et al, 2015). Our results suggest that this is not always a simple relationship.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 51%

“…The logistics of negotiating access onto thousands of different private properties makes it difficult to study the tree and shrub composition of private urban gardens in high spatial and taxonomic detail across large areas of cities. Knowledge of city tree scapes is therefore often limited to smaller spatial scales ( Van Heezik et al, 2013 ), or to what can be learned from studying street side trees ( Mulvaney, 2001 ), or registered notable trees ( Wyse et al, 2015 ). Larger spatial scale analyses can be achieved from aerial and satellite imagery but with that comes reduced taxonomic resolution ( Clarkson, Wehi & Brabyn, 2007 ; Mathieu, Freeman & Aryal, 2007 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A taxonomically detailed and large-scale view of the factors affecting the distribution and abundance of tree species planted in private gardens of Christchurch city, New Zealand

Quan

Sullivan

Meurk

et al. 2021

PeerJ

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A city’s planted trees, the great majority of which are in private gardens, play a fundamental role in shaping a city’s wild ecology, ecosystem functioning, and ecosystem services. However, studying tree diversity across a city’s many thousands of separate private gardens is logistically challenging. After the disastrous 2010–2011 earthquakes in Christchurch, New Zealand, over 7,000 homes were abandoned and a botanical survey of these gardens was contracted by the Government’s Canterbury Earthquake Recovery Authority (CERA) prior to buildings being demolished. This unprecedented access to private gardens across the 443.9 hectares ‘Residential Red Zone’ area of eastern Christchurch is a unique opportunity to explore the composition of trees in private gardens across a large area of a New Zealand city. We analysed these survey data to describe the effects of housing age, socio-economics, human population density, and general soil quality, on tree abundance, species richness, and the proportion of indigenous and exotic species. We found that while most of the tree species were exotic, about half of the individual trees were local native species. There is an increasing realisation of the native tree species values among Christchurch citizens and gardens in more recent areas of housing had a higher proportion of smaller/younger native trees. However, the same sites had proportionately more exotic trees, by species and individuals, amongst their larger planted trees than older areas of housing. The majority of the species, and individuals, of the larger (≥10 cm DBH) trees planted in gardens still tend to be exotic species. In newer suburbs, gardens in wealthy areas had more native trees than gardens from poorer areas, while in older suburbs, poorer areas had more native big trees than wealthy areas. In combination, these describe, in detail unparalleled for at least in New Zealand, how the tree infrastructure of the city varies in space and time. This lays the groundwork for better understanding of how wildlife distribution and abundance, wild plant regeneration, and ecosystem services, are affected by the city’s trees.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 51%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A taxonomically detailed and large-scale view of the factors affecting the distribution and abundance of tree species planted in private gardens of Christchurch city, New Zealand

Quan

Sullivan

Meurk

et al. 2021

PeerJ

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“…Today, Māori disproportionately live in lower socioeconomic urban areas, which tend to have fewer opportunities to connect with nature (Shanahan et al 2015). For example, in Auckland, there are fewer kererū (Hemiphaga novaeseelandiae) in low socioeconomic areas (Baranyovits 2017), and fewer protected trees (Wyse et al 2015). Therefore, it is likely that urban Māori are disproportionately disadvantaged by a lack of opportunity to connect with nature.…”

Section: Nature Connection and Human Wellbeingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Kaitiakitanga, place and the urban restoration agenda

Walker¹,

Wehi²,

Nelson³

et al. 2019

NZJE

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Ko te oranga o te tangata kei roto i tōna tūhono ki tōna taiao. Mō te hunga Māori o Aotearoa, ko te whakapapa ki a Ranginui rāua ko Papatūānuku te ara whakaū i tō tātou hononga ki ngā atua Māori me ō rātou tini tamariki. Ko ngā atua ngā pou o te ao tūroa e kaha whāngai, e kaha manāki ana i te hunga Māori me tōna ahurea. Koia nei ko te orokohanga mai o te kaitiakitanga. Mā ngā mahi ā-rēhia, ngā tikanga nō tuawhakarere, ka ora ai te hononga o te tangata ki tōna taiao. Heoi nō ngā tau hou, kua ūhia tēnei momo mana kaitiaki ki runga i te hunga tangata, hei tiaki hei manāki i ngā mokopuna o te taiao. I roto hoki i ēnei tau hou kua hipa, kua nui ake te hunga Māori kua hūnuku ki ngā taone o Aotearoa. Ko te nuinga nō iwi kē, e noho ana i raro i te korowai manāki o ngā hunga mana whenua o ērā taone. Ka mutu, kua muia hoki te taone i ngā kino hauropi, ā, kua mōtū te hiranga o te taiao ki te oranga o te tangata noho taone. Nā te nui o ngā pēhitanga ki te taiao o te taone, kua whakaoho ake ngā mahi haumanu hauropi e te hunga putaiao. Heoi, tē whakaū i ngā uara Māori ki ēnei mahi whakahaumanu. Ko te whāinga matua o tēnei tuhinga, he arohaehae i te awenga o te kaitiakitanga ki te taone. Ko tā matou he whakawā i te huanga o te kaitiakitanga ki ngā mahi whakahaumanu hauropi i te taiao o te taone. Mā te tātari i ngā momo tauira o te kaitiakitanga ka kite i ōna aho me te hiranga o ēnei aho ki te whāinga matua o te manaaki i te taiao. Me te aha, ko te mātauranga taketake, te matauranga a te Māori pea te rongoa hei whakarauora i te ao tūroa.

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“…Biota within urban ecosystems is under pressure from a range of stressors, such as fragmentation, pollutants, and changes in nutrient and water cycles. The mitigation of existing and emerging threats is critical for protecting urban biota and maintaining urban ecosystems (Gaston 2010;Wyse et al 2015). Urban biota provides ecosystem services -including benefits to human physical and mental health -in addition to intrinsic value (Shanahan et al 2015a, b).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Emerging threats in urban ecosystems: a horizon scanning exercise

Stanley

Beggs

Bassett

et al. 2015

Frontiers in Ecol & Environ

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As urbanization intensifies, urban ecosystems are increasingly under pressure from a range of threats. Horizon scanning has the potential to act as an early warning system, thereby initiating prompt discussion and decision making about threat mitigation. We undertook a systematic horizon scanning exercise, using a modified Delphi technique and experts from wide‐ranging disciplines, to identify emerging threats in urban ecosystems. The 10 identified threats were generally associated with rapid advances in technology (eg solar panels, light‐emitting diode lights, self‐healing concrete) or with societal demands on urban nature (eg green prescriptions). Although many of the issues identified are also technological opportunities with recognized environmental benefits, we have highlighted emerging risks so that research and mitigation strategies can be initiated promptly. Given the accelerated rate of technological advancement and the increasing demands of urbanized populations, horizon scanning should be conducted routinely for urban ecosystems.

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Protecting trees at an individual level provides insufficient safeguard for urban forests

Cited by 22 publications

References 47 publications

A taxonomically detailed and large-scale view of the factors affecting the distribution and abundance of tree species planted in private gardens of Christchurch city, New Zealand

A taxonomically detailed and large-scale view of the factors affecting the distribution and abundance of tree species planted in private gardens of Christchurch city, New Zealand

Kaitiakitanga, place and the urban restoration agenda

Emerging threats in urban ecosystems: a horizon scanning exercise

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