Protecting Farmers’ New Varieties: New Approaches to Rights on Collective Innovations in Plant Genetic Resources

Salazar, Rene; Louwaars, N.P.; Visser, Bert

doi:10.1016/j.worlddev.2006.05.019

Cited by 85 publications

(60 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…Given the actual and potential future impact of PPB, this contribution will increasingly include new PPB' varieties. [78]. Such varieties need recognition and protection.…”

Section: Seed Dessimination and Ownershipmentioning

confidence: 99%

Participatory Plant Quality Breeding: An Ancient Art Revisited by Knowledge Sharing. The Portuguese Experience

Patto¹,

Mendes-Moreira²,

Alves³

et al. 2013

Plant Breeding From Laboratories to Fields

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“…Given the actual and potential future impact of PPB, this contribution will increasingly include new PPB' varieties. [78]. Such varieties need recognition and protection.…”

Section: Seed Dessimination and Ownershipmentioning

confidence: 99%

Participatory Plant Quality Breeding: An Ancient Art Revisited by Knowledge Sharing. The Portuguese Experience

Patto¹,

Mendes-Moreira²,

Alves³

et al. 2013

Plant Breeding From Laboratories to Fields

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“…Intellectual property rights would protect genetic material embedded in local varieties and breeds. Where PAGR have often evolved from breeding processes involving genetic material from both farmers and private and public sector entities (Perales et al, 2003;Salazar et al, 2007), multiple rights would need to be assigned. In such a system various parties may have the right for exclusion thereby undermining farmers' rights and access (Ramana and Smale, 2004).…”

Section: Property Rights To Pagrmentioning

confidence: 99%

La economía de la conservación de la agrobiodiversidad para la seguridad alimentaria ante el cambio climático

Pascual

Narloch

Nordhagen

et al. 2011

EARN

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Acknowledgements: We would like to thank an anonymous reviewer for the helpful comments and suggestions. Contact author: up211@cam.ac.uk; unai.pascual@bc3research.org.Recibido en junio de 2011. Aceptado en septiembre de 2011. ABSTRACT:Subsistence-based and natural resource-dependent societies are especially vulnerable to climate change. In such contexts, food security needs to be strengthened by investing in the adaptability of food systems. This paper looks into the role of agrobiodiversity conservation for food security in the face of climate change. It identifies agrobiodiversity as a key public good that delivers necessary services for human wellbeing. We argue that the public values provided by agrobiodiversity conservation need to be demonstrated and captured. We offer an economic perspective of this challenge and highlight ways of capturing at least a subset of the public values of agrobiodiversity to help adapt to and reduce the vulnerability of subsistence based economies to climate change. KEYWORDS:Climate change, adaptation, agrobiodiversity, economic incentives, resilience. JEL classification: Q18, Q24, Q54.La economía de la conservación de la agrobiodiversidad para la seguridad alimentaria ante el cambio climático RESUMEN: Las sociedades dependientes de recursos naturales de subsistencia son especialmente vulnerables al cambio climático. En este contexto, la seguridad alimentaria debe de fortalecerse mediante la inversión en la adaptabilidad de los sistemas alimentarios. Este artículo se enfoca en el papel de la conservación de la agrobiodiversidad para la seguridad alimentaria ante el cambio climático y trata la agrobiodiversidad como un bien público que genera servicios básicos para el bienestar humano. Una vez que los valores públicos de la conservación de la agrobiodiversidad son puestos en relieve, éstos deben de ser puestos en valor. Aquí ofrecemos una perspectiva económica de este reto y subrayamos formas para la captura de varios valores públicos de la agrobiodiversidad para la adaptación al cambio climático.

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“…4 There is a general notion that plant variety laws favour the interests of multinational cooperates that are involved in their development at the expense of the farmer and the consumer 5 , particularly in developing countries 6 . The mixed results that are reported on the impact of plant variety legislation continue to fuel heated debates on whether such legislation stimulates or discourages shared economic growth.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

role of plant breeders’ rights in an evolving peach and nectarine fresh fruit sector

Tsvakirai¹

2017

S. Afr. J. Sci.

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The evolving impact of plant breeders’ rights was investigated in a bid to provide a basis for understanding the complex relationship that exists between scientific, legislative and market matters that shape the peach and nectarine fresh fruit sector. The results show that there is complementarity among varietal legislation, deregularisation, international trade policies, market trends and research intensity. Plant varietal legislation is found to play a facilitative role in ensuring the growth in the sector which has evolved from merely facilitating access to better quality cultivars which were bred beyond South Africa’s borders, to the provision of good quality germplasm that aids in the breeding of locally bred varieties which better meet the production needs of local farmers. The results of the analysis show that strengthened varietal legislation has contributed significantly to cultivar development, reduced varietal concentration, increased resource (land) utilisation and increased export revenue generation and market penetration. The study warns of the negative effects that widening the scope of the Plant Breeders’ Rights Act would have on innovation and cultivar access by poor farmers. Because of the strong ties existing between innovation and R and D investment, the recommendation is for an increase in R and D investment in the local research institution.

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Protecting Farmers’ New Varieties: New Approaches to Rights on Collective Innovations in Plant Genetic Resources

Cited by 85 publications

References 10 publications

Participatory Plant Quality Breeding: An Ancient Art Revisited by Knowledge Sharing. The Portuguese Experience

Participatory Plant Quality Breeding: An Ancient Art Revisited by Knowledge Sharing. The Portuguese Experience

La economía de la conservación de la agrobiodiversidad para la seguridad alimentaria ante el cambio climático

role of plant breeders’ rights in an evolving peach and nectarine fresh fruit sector

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