Protecting Digital Images Using Keys Enhanced by 2D Chaotic Logistic Maps

Abu-Faraj, Mua’ad; Al-Hyari, Abeer; Obimbo, Charlie; Aldebei, Khaled; AL-Taharwa, Ismail Adel; Alqadi, Ziad; Almanaseer, Orabe

doi:10.3390/cryptography7020020

Cited by 7 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…The evaluation of P SN R is conducted in decibels and exhibits an inverse relationship with the mean squared error, as determined by Eq. (11).…”

Section: Analysis Of the Peak Signal-to-noise Ratio (Psnr) Metricmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The most important component of the ciphering process is the key, which plays a vital role in protection and ciphering data confidentiality. Hence, the key must satisfy various criteria, encompassing considerations such as length, space, and complexity [10,11]. This implies that the user-inputted key for image encryption needs preprocessing to generate a more intricate form, such as a pseudorandom sequence [12].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Enhanced Color Image Encryption Utilizing a Novel Vigenere Method with Pseudorandom Affine Functions

El Bourakkadi,

Chemlal,

Tabti

et al. 2024

ATAIML

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In the realm of digital image security, this study presents an innovative encryption methodology for color images, significantly advancing the traditional Vigenere cipher through the integration of two extensive pseudorandom substitution matrices. These matrices are derived from chaotic maps widely recognized for their cryptographic utility, specifically the logistic map and the skew tent map, chosen for their straightforward implementation capabilities in encryption systems and their high sensitivity to initial conditions. The process commences with the vectorization of the original image and the computation of initial values to alter the starting pixel's value, thereby initiating the encryption sequence. A novel aspect of this method is the introduction of a Vigenere mechanism that employs dynamic pseudorandom affine functions at the pixel level, enhancing the cipher's robustness. Subsequently, a comprehensive permutation strategy is applied to bolster the vector's integrity and elevate the temporal complexity against potential cryptographic attacks. Through simulations conducted on a varied collection of images, encompassing different sizes and formats, the proposed encryption technique demonstrates formidable resilience against both brute-force and differential statistical attacks, thereby affirming its efficacy and security in safeguarding digital imagery.

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“…The evaluation of P SN R is conducted in decibels and exhibits an inverse relationship with the mean squared error, as determined by Eq. (11).…”

Section: Analysis Of the Peak Signal-to-noise Ratio (Psnr) Metricmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Enhanced Color Image Encryption Utilizing a Novel Vigenere Method with Pseudorandom Affine Functions

El Bourakkadi,

Chemlal,

Tabti

et al. 2024

ATAIML

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Additionally, various chaotic maps can be incorporated into chaos-based cryptosystems, increasing the options. Thus, chaotic cryptography has gained more attention than conventional methods because of its lower mathematical complexity and better security [26]- [28].…”

Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Therefore, the diffusion phase is necessary, which modifies the pixel values of the entire image in sequence with the help of a chaotic map. The confusion-diffusion process is repeated several times until an acceptable level of security is achieved [8], [28]. In the proposed method, the confusion-diffusion process is applied in four consecutive rounds to ensure full randomness so that any spatial correlation among neighbor pixels vanishes.…”

Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

Generating Powerful Encryption Keys for Image Cryptography With Chaotic Maps by Incorporating Collatz Conjecture

Al-Hyari,

Obimbo,

Abu-Faraj

et al. 2024

IEEE Access

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In recent years, the chaotic logistic map key (CLMK) has been widely used for image encryption due to its ability to generate random and unpredictable sequences of numbers. The CLMK algorithm uses the chaotic logistic map to generate a key stream, which is then used to encrypt the plaintext image. This study proposes an image encryption scheme based on CLMK, Collatz Conjecture, and indexing techniques; it uses a private key of a 15-digit size that is parsed in a novel way to generate a considerable keyspace reaches up to 2 97 . The Collatz Conjecture generator is used to create variable length sequences that are used to generate the Chaotic parameters r 1 , r 2 , x 1 , and x 2 ; these parameters are used to create a 2D CLMK for encrypting each color channel and a 1D vector that is used for permeation, both confusion and diffusion are performed in four consecutive rounds to ensure the robustness of the proposed approach. The random sequences generated by the Collatz Conjecture were tested for randomness using the NIST benchmark randomness test suit, and they passed most tests. The proposed method is robust against all the well-known attacks, including differential attacks, white Gaussian noise attacks, Salt-and-pepper noise attacks, clipping attacks, occlusion attacks, and known plaintext attacks. Various experiments were conducted to evaluate the performance of the proposed method in terms of encryption time, throughput, and several image quality metrics. The results indicate that the proposed method is efficient regarding encryption time, and throughput enhancement can reach up to 3.34 times the state-of-the-art chaotic encryption methods.

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“…Digital color image (DCI) [25][26][27][28][29][30] is a big number of pixels arranged in a 3D matrix as shown in figure 1 (one channel or 2D matrix for each color: red, green and blue) [31][32][33][34][35][36]. Each of these channels can be separately extracted and treated alone [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mixed Chaotic Keys to Protect Digital Color Image

Alqadi,

Mustafa

2023

IJCSMC

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A high speed and highly secure method of image cryptography will be introduced. The introduced method will decrease the encryption time and increase the throughput of image cryptography, and it will have a significant speed up comparing with other existing methods of data cryptography. The introduced method will use a complicated private key, which will provide a huge key space to resist hacking attacks, and the generated images will be very sensitive to the selected values of the private key. The private key will use two chaotic logistic map models and one chaotic tent map model to generate three 2D chaotic keys, these keys will be converted to integers and resized to match the size of the image. The quality of the proposed method will be tested to insure that the introduced method will always produce an encrypted image with low quality and a decrypted image with high quality, the quality parameters calculated between the source images and the encrypted and decrypted images will be calculated to prove that the method will satisfy the quality requirements of good cryptography.

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Protecting Digital Images Using Keys Enhanced by 2D Chaotic Logistic Maps

Cited by 7 publications

References 38 publications

Enhanced Color Image Encryption Utilizing a Novel Vigenere Method with Pseudorandom Affine Functions

Enhanced Color Image Encryption Utilizing a Novel Vigenere Method with Pseudorandom Affine Functions

Generating Powerful Encryption Keys for Image Cryptography With Chaotic Maps by Incorporating Collatz Conjecture

Mixed Chaotic Keys to Protect Digital Color Image

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